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Authors
Abstract(s)
Ao longo dos últimos anos, a produção distribuída de eletricidade teve um rápido
crescimento, devido aos mecanismos de incentivo que foram implementados principalmente
nos países que integram a União Europeia. Perante este cenário tem-se assistido a um
aumento da ligação de pequenas unidades de produção distribuída (microgeração) à rede de
baixa tensão. Este facto tem levado à investigação sobre formas de integrar dos sistemas de
microgeração nas redes baixa tensão. Neste âmbito, um dos conceitos que têm vindo a ser
desenvolvido são as microredes elétricas. No entanto, novos conceitos como os condomínios
energéticos poderão também ser englobados no seio do sistema elétrico.
A presente dissertação procura contribuir para a definição do conceito de condomínio
energético, visto como uma expansão natural das microredes e, consequentemente, na
definição de modelos que podem ser aplicados para dimensionamento destas entidades. Os
modelos desenvolvidos procuram potenciar os benefícios mais relevantes da produção
distribuída, tendo em consideração os seguintes fatores: i) dimensionamento de uma rede
elétrica totalmente (condomínio autónomo) ou parcialmente (condomínio com consumo
líquido zero) autónoma; ii) conjugação de redes elétricas e de calor; iii) localização da
produção distribuída no interior da rede visando a redução de perdas e a não degradação dos
níveis de tensão; e iv) dimensionamento otimizado da rede de distribuição de eletricidade
integrada no condomínio.
A metodologia desenvolvida é aplicada a casos de estudos baseados em redes reais. Os
resultados obtidos permitem retirar conclusões que caracterizam os potenciais benefícios e
custos que resultam da implementação do conceito de condomínio energético.
A dissertação é finalizada com a avaliação da capacidade dos condomínios energéticos
prestarem serviços à rede a montante. Esta avaliação teve em consideração as características
destas estruturas, nomeadamente a possibilidade de alterar a carga e a produção internas.
ABSTRACT: Over the past few years, distributed generation of electricity had a rapid growth due to incentive mechanisms that have been implemented mainly in the countries of the European Union. Considering this concept, we have observed an increase of the connection of small units of distributed production (microgeneration) to the low voltage network. This has led to the research on ways to integrate the microgeneration systems in low voltage network. In this context, one of the concepts that have been developed is the electrical microgrids. However, new concepts such as energetic condominiums may also be included within the electrical system. This work aims to contribute to the definition of energetic condominiums, seen as a natural expansion of microgrids and consequently as a definition of models that can be applied to the measurement of these entities. The developed models intend to maximize the most relevant benefits of the distributed generation by taking into account the following factors: i) Total dimensioning of an electrical grid (autonomous condominium ) or partially autonomous (with zero net energy); ii) combination of heat and electrical networks; iii) location of distributed generation within the network in order to reduce loss and no degradation of voltage levels; and iv) optimized dimensioning of the network distribution of electricity integrated in the condo. The methodology applied is based upon real networks study cases. The results obtained allow us to draw conclusions which characterize the potential benefits and costs resulting from the implementation of the concept of energetic condominium. The dissertation concludes with an evaluation of the ability of condominiums to provide energy services to the upstream network. This evaluation has taken into account the characteristics of these structures, mainly the possibility of changing the amount of charge and internal production.
ABSTRACT: Over the past few years, distributed generation of electricity had a rapid growth due to incentive mechanisms that have been implemented mainly in the countries of the European Union. Considering this concept, we have observed an increase of the connection of small units of distributed production (microgeneration) to the low voltage network. This has led to the research on ways to integrate the microgeneration systems in low voltage network. In this context, one of the concepts that have been developed is the electrical microgrids. However, new concepts such as energetic condominiums may also be included within the electrical system. This work aims to contribute to the definition of energetic condominiums, seen as a natural expansion of microgrids and consequently as a definition of models that can be applied to the measurement of these entities. The developed models intend to maximize the most relevant benefits of the distributed generation by taking into account the following factors: i) Total dimensioning of an electrical grid (autonomous condominium ) or partially autonomous (with zero net energy); ii) combination of heat and electrical networks; iii) location of distributed generation within the network in order to reduce loss and no degradation of voltage levels; and iv) optimized dimensioning of the network distribution of electricity integrated in the condo. The methodology applied is based upon real networks study cases. The results obtained allow us to draw conclusions which characterize the potential benefits and costs resulting from the implementation of the concept of energetic condominium. The dissertation concludes with an evaluation of the ability of condominiums to provide energy services to the upstream network. This evaluation has taken into account the characteristics of these structures, mainly the possibility of changing the amount of charge and internal production.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica-Energia e Automação Industrial
Keywords
Microredes Produção distribuída Condomínios energéticos Otimização Serviços de sistema
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Viseu