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Authors
Abstract(s)
No puerpério, a mulher depara-se com um conjunto de alterações que ocorrem ao
nível biológico, psicológico e social que a confrontam com a necessidade de viver
adaptações constantes e que a tornam mais vulnerável do ponto de vista psicológico e
emocional. As alterações psicoemocionais do puerpério são decorrentes do designado
Blues pós-parto, um fenómeno intercultural, de prevalência elevada, de carácter benigno e
transitório, que ocorre em mulheres saudáveis. A avaliação da autoestima da puérpera é
fundamental para identificar o risco de desenvolver estas alterações.
Neste sentido, realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, em corte transversal, correlacional
e explicativo, em 175 puérperas saudáveis, com média de idades de 31.21 anos, vigiadas
nas unidades funcionais do ACES Dão Lafões, em que se procurou identificar as alterações
psicoemocionais, entre a 4ª e a 6ª semana do pós-parto, e determinar a relação entre as
diferentes variáveis (sociodemográficas, contextuais ao parto, contextuais à amamentação,
autoestima) e as alterações psicoemocionais.
As principais alterações identificadas foram a ansiedade moderada e severa, a
destacar: sensação de esgotamento, cansaço mental e físico e insegurança na prestação
dos cuidados ao bebé; seguidas de sentimentos depressivos moderados e severos, a
nomear: tristeza, melancolia, desânimo, choro e solidão; e por último, a preocupação
moderada e severa, nomeadamente: nervosismo e agitação. Os resultados revelaram que
puérperas ativas profissionalmente (p=0.046), com ensino superior (p=0.012), sem história
prévia de partos de termo (p=0.002) e com complicações com a amamentação (p=.0001)
apresentaram níveis mais elevados de alterações psicoemocionais. A autoestima revelou-se
preditora das alterações psicoemocionais, sendo que quanto maior a autoestima mais
elevados os níveis das alterações (p= 0.000).
ABSTRACT In puerperium, the woman faces a set of changes that occur at the biological, psychological and social level that confront her with the need to live constant adjustments and that make her more vulnerable, in a psychological and emotional point of view. The psycho-emotional postpartum changes result from the designated Postpartum Blues, a cross-cultural phenomenon, of high prevalence, of benign and transient character, occurring in healthy women. The evaluation of self-esteem in postpartum is essential to identify the risk of developing these changes. To that effect, we held a quantitative study, cross sectional, correlational and explanatory, interviewing 175 healthy mothers, with an average age of 31.21 years, followed in the functional units of the ACES Dão Lafões, which sought to identify the psychoemotional disorders, between the 4th and 6th week after delivery, and determine the relationship between the different variables (sociodemographic, childbirth contextual, breastfeeding contextual, self-esteem) and psycho-emotional changes. The most important changes detected were moderate and severe anxiety, especially: sensation of exhaustion, mental and physical fatigue and insecurity in providing baby care; followed by moderate and severe depressive feelings, namely: sadness, melancholy, dismay, crying and solitude; and finally, moderate and severe concern, including nervousness and restlessness. The results revealed that professionally active mothers (p=0.046), with higher education (p=0.012), with no history of term deliveries (p=0.002) and with complications to breastfeeding (p=0.001) presented higher levels of psycho-emotional changes. Self-esteem proved to be a predictor of psycho-emotional changes, since the greater the self-esteem is the higher the level of the changes occurred (p=0.000).
ABSTRACT In puerperium, the woman faces a set of changes that occur at the biological, psychological and social level that confront her with the need to live constant adjustments and that make her more vulnerable, in a psychological and emotional point of view. The psycho-emotional postpartum changes result from the designated Postpartum Blues, a cross-cultural phenomenon, of high prevalence, of benign and transient character, occurring in healthy women. The evaluation of self-esteem in postpartum is essential to identify the risk of developing these changes. To that effect, we held a quantitative study, cross sectional, correlational and explanatory, interviewing 175 healthy mothers, with an average age of 31.21 years, followed in the functional units of the ACES Dão Lafões, which sought to identify the psychoemotional disorders, between the 4th and 6th week after delivery, and determine the relationship between the different variables (sociodemographic, childbirth contextual, breastfeeding contextual, self-esteem) and psycho-emotional changes. The most important changes detected were moderate and severe anxiety, especially: sensation of exhaustion, mental and physical fatigue and insecurity in providing baby care; followed by moderate and severe depressive feelings, namely: sadness, melancholy, dismay, crying and solitude; and finally, moderate and severe concern, including nervousness and restlessness. The results revealed that professionally active mothers (p=0.046), with higher education (p=0.012), with no history of term deliveries (p=0.002) and with complications to breastfeeding (p=0.001) presented higher levels of psycho-emotional changes. Self-esteem proved to be a predictor of psycho-emotional changes, since the greater the self-esteem is the higher the level of the changes occurred (p=0.000).
Description
Keywords
Auto-conceito Auto-estima Depressão pós-parto Emoções Perturbações psicóticas Psicologia Puerpério Depression, postpartum Emotions Postpartum period Psychology Psychotic disorders Self concept Self esteem