Browsing by Author "Matos, Manuel"
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- Loss allocation in distribution networks with embedded generationPublication . Costa, Paulo Moisés; Matos, ManuelThis paper addresses the allocation of electrical losses in distribution networks with embedded generation, in a liberalized environment. The nonlinear nature of the issue, the loss changes due to voltage variation and, specially, the contribution of embedded generation to loss variation are considered. The proposed method is based on tracing the real and imaginary parts of the currents and has two steps. First, the losses in the distribution network, in the absence of embedded generation, are allocated to the consumers (or their providers). Second, the variations in the losses that result from the influence of embedded generation are allocated to the generators. These variations are a measure of the avoided or added costs related to losses. In the allocation process, made in a branch basis, both real and reactive powers are considered. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to evaluate embedded generation incentives or to design tariffs for the use of the distribution network.
- Reliability of distribution networks with microgridsPublication . Costa, Paulo Moisés; Matos, ManuelThe emergence of micro-generation as a technically sound alternative has lead, in recent times, to the concept of micro grid, a network of LV consumers and producers able to export electric energy in some circumstances and also to work in a isolated way in emergency situations. Research work about the organization of micro grids, control devices, functionalities and other technical and economic aspects is presently being carried out, in order to establish a consistent technical framework to support the concept. Among other aspects, the effect of micro grids in the reliability of the distribution network has been pointed out as an important advantage, due to the ability of isolated operation in emergency situations. In order to address this topic, the present paper identifies the situations where the existence of a micro grid may reduce the interruption rate and time and thus improve the reliability indices of the distribution network. The relevant expressions necessary to quantify the reliability are also presented. An illustrative example is included, where the global influence of the micro grid in reliability is commented.