Browsing by Author "Stymne, Hans"
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- Air Change Rates in Multi-Family Residential Buildings in Northern PortugalPublication . Pinto, Manuel; Boman, Carl-Axel; Stymne, Hans; Freitas, VascoExisting technical recommendations and standards regarding natural ventilation in Portugal establish one air change rate, ACH, in main rooms (bedrooms and living rooms) and four ACH in service rooms (kitchens and bathrooms). Admittedly these rates are not being observed in most residential buildings recently erected in Portugal. Two trials (May 2002 and January 2003, lasting approximately 2 weeks each) were carried out for the purpose of estimating the implementation of the rates in a two-bedroom flat which is inhabited and equipped with a ‘mixed’ ventilation system: intake via self-adjusting ventilation inlets in the living room and bedrooms, natural exhaust in the bathroom assisted by discontinuous mechanical extraction in the kitchen. Some conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficiency of the ventilation system used, namely the results of the study shows that the measured ventilation rate was irregular and lower than the Portuguese recommendations during both seasons.
- Measuring Air Change Rates using the PFT Technique in Residential Buildings in Northern PortugalPublication . Pinto, Manuel; Freitas, Vasco; Stymne, Hans; Boman, CarlPortugal has technical recommendations and standards regarding ventilation rates in natural ventilation systems. However these ventilation rates have not been fulfilled in most residential buildings recently erected in Portugal. We believe that natural ventilation systems alone are unlikely to guarantee the recommended ventilation, and so we characterized the performance of a mixed ventilation system consisting of an air inlet through self-adjustable inlets in bedrooms and living rooms, natural exhaust in bathrooms and fan exhaust systems in kitchens. We measured ventilation conditions in a residential complex of 94 apartments in the Porto area using the passive tracer gas method, more precisely the PFT technique. The study evaluates the façade’s permeability and the respective air exchange rates per compartment using the PFT technique. Seven flats were analyzed, six of which have a mixed ventilation system (continuous exhaust system in the kitchen and natural exhaust in the bathroom). The seventh flat has a natural ventilation system, enabling the performance of the two systems to be compared. The experimental results allow, namely, the evaluation of the influence of insulation, a grid with low head loss and a static ventilator in the duct of the bathroom and the continuous exhaust ventilation in the kitchen.