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Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Saudi Arabia: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2024-11-22Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorAlshahrani, Ali Mohammed
dc.contributor.authorAlshahrani, Alaa Mohammed
dc.contributor.authorAl-Boqami, Beshayer Abdullah H.
dc.contributor.authorAlqahtani, Alwaleed Abdulhadi
dc.contributor.authorAlzahrani, Bassam
dc.contributor.authorBassi, Yousef
dc.contributor.authorAlmohaimeed, Mohammed Yousef
dc.contributor.authorAlalmaai, Abeer Mohammed
dc.contributor.authorSaraiva, Ariana
dc.contributor.authorAlhumaidi, Bandar Naffaa
dc.contributor.authorAlbaridi, Najla A.
dc.contributor.authorLima, M. J. Reis
dc.contributor.authorCarrascosa, Conrado
dc.contributor.authorRaposo, António
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-20T16:15:36Z
dc.date.available2024-12-20T16:15:36Z
dc.date.issued2024-11-22
dc.description.abstractAbstract: Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness among diabetic patients, particularly in areas with an increase in diabetes epidemics, such as Saudi Arabia. Notwithstanding the significant public health implications, data on the prevalence and risk factors of DR in Saudi Arabia are few and scattered, limited to certain geographic areas. Our study objective is to conduct a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of the prevalence and predictors for DR in Saudi Arabia, within both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were constructed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases for studies published from 2000–2023. Any study related to the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in T1DM or T2DM among adult patients aged ≥18 years that was conducted in Saudi Arabia was included. Pooling prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity across the studies was tested by the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test. Results: A total of 11 studies published between 2006 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 99 to over 50,000 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of DR was estimated to be 31% (95% CI: 24–39%), with substantial heterogeneity observed across studies (I2 = 99%). Prevalence estimates ranged from 16.7% to 69.8% and were influenced by variables such as study design, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, the pooled prevalence was 24% (95% CI: 20–28%). Poor glycemic control and longer diabetes duration were consistently identified as significant predictors of DR, while other factors, such as obesity and hypertension, were also associated with an increased risk of DR. Conclusions: The high prevalence of DR in Saudi Arabia highlights the critical need for focused public health initiatives, especially among those with type 2 diabetes. To minimize the effects of DR, early intervention, routine DR screening programs, and optimal diabetes control are essential. The increasing prevalence of DR in Saudi Arabia requires careful consideration of healthcare policy and resource allocation, which is made possible by our results.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationAlshahrani, A. M., Alshahrani, A. M., Al-Boqami, B. A. H., Alqahtani, A. A., Alzahrani, B., Bassi, Y., Almohaimeed, M. Y., Alalmaai, A. M., Saraiva, A., Alhumaidi, B. N., Albaridi, N. A., Lima, M. J., Carrascosa, C., & Raposo, A. (2024). Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Saudi Arabia: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules, 14(12), 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14121486pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biom14121486pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2218-273X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.19/8692
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1486pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectDiabetic retinopathypt_PT
dc.subjectGlycemic controlpt_PT
dc.subjectMeta-analysispt_PT
dc.subjectPublic health interventionspt_PT
dc.subjectRisk factorspt_PT
dc.subjectSaudi Arabiapt_PT
dc.subjectType 1 diabetespt_PT
dc.subjectType 2 diabetespt_PT
dc.titlePrevalence and Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Saudi Arabia: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysispt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue12pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1486pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleBiomoleculespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume14pt_PT
person.familyNameCunha Silva Reis Lima
person.familyNameRaposo
person.givenNameMaria Joao
person.givenNameAntónio
person.identifier1488390
person.identifier.ciencia-id1015-9028-5D39
person.identifier.ciencia-idF019-6DAC-8250
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0597-7892
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5286-2249
person.identifier.ridG-8329-2018
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55257860600
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf2ee0dd6-c5c9-4743-8f1f-d0537328fe9b
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc26f2e58-29f4-41f6-bf25-e192d991d42e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryf2ee0dd6-c5c9-4743-8f1f-d0537328fe9b

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