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Abstract(s)
Desde cedo o Homem sentiu uma forte necessidade de saber a posição em que se encontra no
planeta terra. A época dos descobrimentos foi importante, pelos mundos que deu a conhecer
mas também pela evolução dos equipamentos que auxiliaram os navegadores a manterem o
seu rumo.
Mais tarde as guerras mundiais trouxeram uma grande inovação tecnológica em equipamentos
capazes de determinar uma posição na terra. Inicialmente usada para fins militares a tecnologia
rapidamente foi aproveitada para uso doméstico, comprovado hoje em dia pela utilização
massiva de equipamentos GPS.
Recentemente a proliferação de equipamentos eletrónicos pessoais, como os smartphones,
trouxeram ao utilizador normal a possibilidade de, por um baixo custo, ter em mãos
equipamentos dotados de sensores que permitem o cálculo e determinação da posição, à
semelhança dos recetores GPS.
Sendo a utilização em espaços fechados uma menos valia do sistema GPS, houve necessidade
de realizar investimento em técnicas, métodos e tecnologias que o substituíssem onde ele não
é eficaz. Foram criados mecanismos de IPS, Indoor Positioning System.
Contudo, esses mecanismos requerem a instalação de equipamentos novos, o que requer
também um investimento adicional face a todos os equipamentos existentes. Para além do
investimento em sensores são necessários equipamentos que permitam fazer cálculos rápidos
para determinar a posição, pois em ambientes fechados o cálculo tem que ser rápido porque o
objeto pode mover-se rapidamente.
Em alguns casos, a posição efetiva não é uma mais-valia, o que torna o investimento numa
solução de IPS bastante dispendiosa para o efeito, não se tirando partido de todas as
possibilidades que os sistemas fornecem. Ao mesmo tempo, existe uma grande quantidade de espaços que fornecem acesso à internet
através de Access Points (Equipamentos Wi-fi), onde cada equipamento tem uma identificação
única e estão, normalmente, num local estratégico de forma a abranger a maior área possível.
Uma vez que esses equipamentos já existem, é possível desenhar e criar uma solução IPS que
determine a posição relativa do equipamento recetor de sinal wireless, para alguns cenários, na
substituição de outro sistema IPS.
Com esta dissertação pretende-se dar a conhecer uma implementação de uma sistema de IPS
baseado nas redes wireless permitindo criar um canal de comunicação entre os emissores e os
recetores de sinal sem que seja necessário um investimento adicional em equipamentos.
ABSTRACT: Early Man felt a strong need in knowing people’s position on planet earth. The time of discoveries was important due to the knowledge and improvement associated but also because of the evolution of equipment that helped navigators to maintain their course. Later, the world wars brought a major technological innovation in equipment capable of determining a position on earth. Initially used for military purposes, quickly technology was used for home uses, which is proven today by the massive use of GPS equipment. Recently, the proliferation of personal electronic devices, such as smartphones, brought to normal user the possibility, for a low cost, of having on hand equipment with sensors that allow the calculation and determination of position, like GPS receivers. As indoor use has a capital loss of the GPS system, there was a need for investing in techniques, methods and technologies that replace it where it is not effective. Consequently, IPS (Indoor Positioning System) mechanisms were created. However, these mechanisms require the installation of new equipment, which also requires an additional investment. Besides the investment in sensors are required it is also needed equipment to make quick calculations to determine the position, like in closed environments the calculation has to be quick because the object can quickly move. In some cases, the actual position is not an asset, which makes the investment a very expensive IPS solution for this purpose, not taking advantage of all the possibilities that the systems provide. At the same time, there are a lot of spaces that provide access to the Internet through access points (Wi-fi equipment), where each device has a unique identification and they are usually in a strategic location to cover the largest possible area. Since these devices already exist, it is possible to design and create an IPS solution to determine the relative position of the receiving equipment wireless signal to some scenarios, in substitution of another IPS system. With this dissertation is intended to inform about the implementation of an IPS system based on wireless networks allowing people to create a channel of communication between the transmitters and signal receivers without additional investment in equipment.
ABSTRACT: Early Man felt a strong need in knowing people’s position on planet earth. The time of discoveries was important due to the knowledge and improvement associated but also because of the evolution of equipment that helped navigators to maintain their course. Later, the world wars brought a major technological innovation in equipment capable of determining a position on earth. Initially used for military purposes, quickly technology was used for home uses, which is proven today by the massive use of GPS equipment. Recently, the proliferation of personal electronic devices, such as smartphones, brought to normal user the possibility, for a low cost, of having on hand equipment with sensors that allow the calculation and determination of position, like GPS receivers. As indoor use has a capital loss of the GPS system, there was a need for investing in techniques, methods and technologies that replace it where it is not effective. Consequently, IPS (Indoor Positioning System) mechanisms were created. However, these mechanisms require the installation of new equipment, which also requires an additional investment. Besides the investment in sensors are required it is also needed equipment to make quick calculations to determine the position, like in closed environments the calculation has to be quick because the object can quickly move. In some cases, the actual position is not an asset, which makes the investment a very expensive IPS solution for this purpose, not taking advantage of all the possibilities that the systems provide. At the same time, there are a lot of spaces that provide access to the Internet through access points (Wi-fi equipment), where each device has a unique identification and they are usually in a strategic location to cover the largest possible area. Since these devices already exist, it is possible to design and create an IPS solution to determine the relative position of the receiving equipment wireless signal to some scenarios, in substitution of another IPS system. With this dissertation is intended to inform about the implementation of an IPS system based on wireless networks allowing people to create a channel of communication between the transmitters and signal receivers without additional investment in equipment.
Description
Keywords
GPS SPS PPS GLONASS Galileo BDS IRNSS IPS RFID Wi-Fi Wireless MAC