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The Potential of Visible Spectroscopy as a Tool for the In-Line Monitoring of Lignin Methylolation

2022-12-30Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Jorge Manuel
dc.contributor.authorPaiva, Nádia T.
dc.contributor.authorPaiva, Diana
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Luisa
dc.contributor.authorMagalhães, Fernão D.
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-20T11:20:20Z
dc.date.available2026-08-20T11:20:20Z
dc.date.issued2022-12-30en_US
dc.date.updated2026-08-18T23:12:12Z
dc.description.abstractOut of the 50 to 70 million tons of lignin that are produced annually, only 1 to 2% are used for value-added products. Currently, 90% of the total market of this compound corresponds to lignosulphonates (LS). The most successful industrial attempts to use lignin for wood adhesives rely on using it as a partial substitute in phenol–formaldehyde or urea–formaldehyde resins. However, lignin’s aromatic ring presents a low number of reactive sites. Several methods have been proposed to improve its reactivity, such as prior methylolation with formaldehyde. Off-line methods are commonly applied to monitor this reaction’s progress, but this introduces a significant delay in the analysis. This study proposes a new method for in-line monitoring of the methylolation reaction using visible spectroscopy. In order to monitor the reaction progress, principal component analysis was applied to the spectra, and the obtained scores were analyzed. When these results were plotted against those obtained by the off-line methods, a satisfactory regression was obtained at 50 ◦C (R 2 = 0.97) and 60 ◦C (R 2 = 0.98) for two different LS samples. Therefore, it was concluded that visible spectroscopy is a promising technique for studying lignin methylolation.eng
dc.description.versionN/A
dc.identifier.citationGonçalves, S.; Martins, J.; Paiva, N.T.; Paiva, D.; Carvalho, L.H.; Magalhães, F.D. The Potential of Visible Spectroscopy as a Tool for the In-Line Monitoring of Lignin Methylolation. Polymers 2023, 15, 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ polym15010178
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/polym15010178en_US
dc.identifier.slugcv-prod-3115518
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.19/10090
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectlignin
dc.subjectmethylolation
dc.subjectspectroscopy
dc.titleThe Potential of Visible Spectroscopy as a Tool for the In-Line Monitoring of Lignin Methylolationen_US
dc.typeresearch articleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.startPage178
oaire.citation.titlePolymersen_US
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameMartins
person.familyNameCarvalho
person.givenNameJorge Manuel
person.givenNameLuisa
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1189-0497
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4557-7113
rcaap.cv.cienciaid6916-048F-9FD3 | Luísa Maria Hora de Carvalho
rcaap.rightsopenAccessen_US
relation.isAuthorOfPublication843fe3ed-d71c-4115-9880-391b21de3644
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf03fa799-1335-4bf0-92ba-4a7aeb96537c
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery843fe3ed-d71c-4115-9880-391b21de3644

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