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Authors
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, o mercado da construção civil é responsável por um elevado impacto ambiental
em todo o planeta, com grande parte de suas emissões e consumo de energia vinculados a
produção e aplicação de insumos não renováveis. Para amenizar esses valores, devem ser
promovidos materiais menos ambientalmente impactantes e que não demonstrem risco de
esgotamento, ou seja, sustentáveis.
A terra é um recurso abundante e reaproveitável, o que a torna uma matéria-prima
inesgotável, conceito ideal para insumos de construção. Obras com utilização de solo são
comuns a milhares de anos e em todo o planeta por suas vantagens econômicas, ecológicas,
sociais e de conforto, porém estas perderam popularidade devida à associação a populações de
menor poder aquisitivo.
Estudos atuais têm demonstrado a eficiência e vantagens ambientais de algumas das
técnicas com utilização da terra como material de construção, uma das mais relevantes dessas
é o bloco de terra comprimida (BTC). Metodologia que consiste na estabilização mecânica do
solo a partir de prensagem em moldes para criação de blocos de maior resistência, podendo ou
não contar, também, com estabilização química.
Tendo em vista que, atualmente, a maior parte das edificações de grandes polos
populacionais segue a tendência da utilização de subsolos, grandes escavações se tornam
comuns. Volume de solo que é transportado para aterros, gerando custos e impactos
ambientais, esta pesquisa busca analisar a viabilidade da utilização da terra de escavação in-situ
para confecção de blocos de terra comprimida, posteriormente utilizados para construção, no
local, de edificações complementares ao edificado principal.
Para tal, desenvolve-se uma análise comparativa geral entre a utilização de alvenaria de
bloco de terra comprimida e cerâmica convencional, contemplando estimativas orçamentárias,
de tempo de obra, de emissões de dióxido de carbono e de demanda de energia primária.
ABSTRACT: Currently, the civil construction market is responsible for a high environmental impact worldwide, with a significant portion of its emissions and energy consumption linked to the production and use of non-renewable inputs. To mitigate these values, less environmentally impactful materials that do not demonstrate a risk of depletion, or in other words, sustainable materials, should be promoted. Earth is an abundant and reusable resource, which makes it an inexhaustible raw material, an ideal concept for construction inputs. Earth-based projects have been common for thousands of years and throughout the planet due to their economic, ecological, social, and comfort advantages, but they have lost popularity due to their association with lower-income populations. Current studies have demonstrated the efficiency and environmental advantages of some earth-based construction techniques, such as compressed earth blocks (CEB). This methodology involves mechanically stabilizing the soil by pressing it into molds to create blocks with greater strength, which may or may not also involve chemical stabilization. Considering that the majority of buildings in densely populated areas currently follow the tendency of using basements, large excavations become common. The volume of soil that is transported to landfills generates costs and environmental impacts. This research seeks to analyze the feasibility of using in-situ excavated soil to create compressed earth blocks, which can then be used for the on-site construction of complementary buildings to the main structure. To do so, a general comparative analysis is conducted between the use of compressed earth blocks and conventional ceramics, including budget estimations, construction time, carbon dioxide emissions, and primary energy demand.
ABSTRACT: Currently, the civil construction market is responsible for a high environmental impact worldwide, with a significant portion of its emissions and energy consumption linked to the production and use of non-renewable inputs. To mitigate these values, less environmentally impactful materials that do not demonstrate a risk of depletion, or in other words, sustainable materials, should be promoted. Earth is an abundant and reusable resource, which makes it an inexhaustible raw material, an ideal concept for construction inputs. Earth-based projects have been common for thousands of years and throughout the planet due to their economic, ecological, social, and comfort advantages, but they have lost popularity due to their association with lower-income populations. Current studies have demonstrated the efficiency and environmental advantages of some earth-based construction techniques, such as compressed earth blocks (CEB). This methodology involves mechanically stabilizing the soil by pressing it into molds to create blocks with greater strength, which may or may not also involve chemical stabilization. Considering that the majority of buildings in densely populated areas currently follow the tendency of using basements, large excavations become common. The volume of soil that is transported to landfills generates costs and environmental impacts. This research seeks to analyze the feasibility of using in-situ excavated soil to create compressed earth blocks, which can then be used for the on-site construction of complementary buildings to the main structure. To do so, a general comparative analysis is conducted between the use of compressed earth blocks and conventional ceramics, including budget estimations, construction time, carbon dioxide emissions, and primary energy demand.
Description
Keywords
Construção em terra crua Bloco de terra comprimida (BTC) Análise de impacto ambiental Análise de produtividade Análise econômica