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Avaliação do conhecimento, atitudes e práticas de produtores de pequenos ruminantes e sensibilização para as resistências antimicrobianas
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Existe uma preocupação crescente de que o uso de antimicrobianos (UAM) na produção pecuária possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de resistência aos antimicrobianos (RAM) em humanos, bem como para a presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos em alimentos de origem animal. Enquanto intervenientes fundamentais no setor pecuário, os produtores desempenham um papel essencial nos esforços coletivos para reduzir o UAM. Este estudo transversal, baseado num questionário por, teve como objetivo avaliar as medidas de biossegurança implementadas em explorações de pequenos ruminantes e analisar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas (CAP) dos produtores relativamente ao UAM, à RAM e aos resíduos de antimicrobianos. Responderam ao questionário 381 produtores de pequenos ruminantes. A maioria dos produtores que responderam ao questionário era do género masculino (79,3%), tinha mais de 40 anos (61,6%) e mais de 20 anos de experiência profissional (54,6%). A grande maioria dos produtores (91,3%) confirmou que utilizava antibióticos e 75,6% afirmou que armazenava estes medicamentos na exploração. A pontuação média de biossegurança obtida pelos produtores foi de 8,4 numa escala de 0 a 17. As medidas de biossegurança mais frequentemente implementadas incluíram o armazenamento adequado da alimentação animal (85,0%) e a eliminação correta de cadáveres (70,3%). Observaram-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre a pontuação de biossegurança e as habilitações académicas, experiência profissional, localização da exploração, espécies produzidas, objetivo produtivo e sistema de produção. Relativamente ao conhecimento, a grande maioria dos produtores identificou corretamente o objetivo terapêutico dos antibióticos (92,1%) e compreendiam o conceito de intervalo de segurança (83,2%). Contudo, apenas 40,4% responderam corretamente à questão relativa ao efeito terapêutico dos antibióticos. Observaram-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre os níveis de conhecimento e as variáveis demográficas, faixa etária, experiência profissional, habilitações académicas, sistema de produção e modo de produção (…). Observaram-se correlações estatisticamente significativas entre biossegurança, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas. Receberam formação 363 produtores, tendo-se um aumento significativo do conhecimento autodeclarado pelos participantes após a formação (p<0,001). Os resultados evidenciam lacunas importantes na utilização responsável de antibióticos em pequenos ruminantes em Portugal, reforçando a necessidade de programas de formação direcionados aos produtores.
ABSTRACT: There is growing concern that antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans, as well as to the presence of antimicrobial residues in foods of animal origin. As key stakeholders in the livestock sector, farmers play an essential role in collective efforts to reduce AMU. This cross-sectional survey-based study aimed to evaluate the biosecurity measures implemented on small ruminant farms and to analyse farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AMU, AMR, and antimicrobial residues. A total of 381 small ruminant farmers responded to the questionnaire. Most respondents were male (79.3%), over 40 years old (61.6%), and had more than 20 years of professional experience (54.6%). Most farmers (91.3%) confirmed using antibiotics, and 75.6% stated that they stored these medicines on the farm. The average biosecurity score obtained by the farmers was 8.4 on a scale from 0 to 17. The most frequently implemented biosecurity measures included proper feed storage (85.0%) and correct carcass disposal (70.3%). Statistically significant associations were observed between biosecurity scores and educational level, professional experience, farm location, species produced, production purpose, and production system. Regarding knowledge, most farmers correctly identified the therapeutic purpose of antibiotics (92.1%) and understood the concept of withdrawal period (83.2%). However, only 40.4% correctly answered the question regarding the therapeutic effect of antibiotics. Statistically significant associations were observed between knowledge levels and demographic variables, age group, professional experience, educational level, production system, and production method. Regarding attitudes, 22% of producers did not always consult a veterinarian before administering antibiotics, while 31.8% admitted to discontinuing treatment before the recommended period. Statistically significant associations were observed between attitude scores and farmers’ educational level and professional experience. Regarding practices, only 47.8% of farmers stated that they recorded antibiotic use in the medicine’s logbook. In this case, statistically significant associations were also observed between practice levels and demographic variables, educational level, professional experience, farm location, and production purpose. Statistically significant correlations were observed between biosecurity, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A total of 363 farmers received training, and a significant increase in participants’ self-reported knowledge was observed after the training session (p < 0.001). The results highlight important gaps in the responsible use of antibiotics in small ruminants in Portugal, reinforcing the need for training programmes specifically targeted at farmers.
ABSTRACT: There is growing concern that antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans, as well as to the presence of antimicrobial residues in foods of animal origin. As key stakeholders in the livestock sector, farmers play an essential role in collective efforts to reduce AMU. This cross-sectional survey-based study aimed to evaluate the biosecurity measures implemented on small ruminant farms and to analyse farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AMU, AMR, and antimicrobial residues. A total of 381 small ruminant farmers responded to the questionnaire. Most respondents were male (79.3%), over 40 years old (61.6%), and had more than 20 years of professional experience (54.6%). Most farmers (91.3%) confirmed using antibiotics, and 75.6% stated that they stored these medicines on the farm. The average biosecurity score obtained by the farmers was 8.4 on a scale from 0 to 17. The most frequently implemented biosecurity measures included proper feed storage (85.0%) and correct carcass disposal (70.3%). Statistically significant associations were observed between biosecurity scores and educational level, professional experience, farm location, species produced, production purpose, and production system. Regarding knowledge, most farmers correctly identified the therapeutic purpose of antibiotics (92.1%) and understood the concept of withdrawal period (83.2%). However, only 40.4% correctly answered the question regarding the therapeutic effect of antibiotics. Statistically significant associations were observed between knowledge levels and demographic variables, age group, professional experience, educational level, production system, and production method. Regarding attitudes, 22% of producers did not always consult a veterinarian before administering antibiotics, while 31.8% admitted to discontinuing treatment before the recommended period. Statistically significant associations were observed between attitude scores and farmers’ educational level and professional experience. Regarding practices, only 47.8% of farmers stated that they recorded antibiotic use in the medicine’s logbook. In this case, statistically significant associations were also observed between practice levels and demographic variables, educational level, professional experience, farm location, and production purpose. Statistically significant correlations were observed between biosecurity, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A total of 363 farmers received training, and a significant increase in participants’ self-reported knowledge was observed after the training session (p < 0.001). The results highlight important gaps in the responsible use of antibiotics in small ruminants in Portugal, reinforcing the need for training programmes specifically targeted at farmers.
Descrição
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Antibióticos Pequenos ruminantes Questionário CAP Biossegurança Antibiotics Small ruminants Questionnaire CAP Biosafety
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC