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Abstract(s)
A morte e o desaparecimento de colónias de abelhas melíferas e mesmo de apiários inteiros têm vindo a preocupar cientistas do mundo inteiro. Os ácaros da espécie Varroa spp. são apontados como um dos principais factores envolvidos nesta problemática. O crescente aparecimento de resistência destes ácaros aos acaricidas, devido à utilização sucessiva da mesma molécula ou por má aplicação das existentes, criou a necessidade de desenvolver novos métodos de controlo. Além disso, a utilização de protocolos de tratamento combinando com mais de um acaricida, têm-se apresentado como uma boa alternativa à utilização convencional de apenas um medicamento. Assim, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar a eficácia real da utilização de dois produtos homologados em Portugal para o controlo da varroose: Apitraz 500 mg e Bayvarol 3,6 mg. Foram previamente selecionadas colónias positivas para a varroa, recorrendo a dois métodos de avaliação: o uso de tabuleiros de contagem de varroa, e através do diagnóstico laboratorial. Foram implementados ensaios experimentais em dois apiários (Bragança e Carrazeda de Ansiães), com 24 colónias cada um e estabelecidos, por apiário, 4 grupos experimentais: um grupo controlo de 5 colónias (sem tratamento) e 3 grupos de tratamento, um com 5 colónias que foram permanentemente tratadas com Apitraz 500 mg, e dois com 14 colónias (7+7) que foram alternadamente tratadas com Apitraz e Bayvarol nos dois tratamentos. Foram realizadas três aplicações de cada tratamento por períodos de 42 dias cada, com monitorização da queda de ácaros por colónias durante esse período e medição da temperatura. No tratamento controlo final foi usado o ApilifeVar. Foi avaliada a eficácia da utilização dos tratamentos no combate à varroose através de análise de variância, usando o SPSS, 25. O tratamento exclusivo com Apitraz apresentou melhores resultados com uma taxa de eficácia de 98,1%. Os tratamentos cruzados, Apitraz+Bayvarol apresentou uma eficácia de 96,9% e o Bayvarol+Apitraz 94,7%. No entanto, globalmente, não se verificaram diferenças significativas (p≥0,05) entre os resultados destes três tratamentos, apesar de todos eles evidenciarem diferenças significativas relativamente ao grupo sem tratamento contra a varroa (p<0,05). Não existe, neste trabalho, evidência de acréscimo de eficácia na utilização cruzada de medicamentos em comparação com a utilização estreme de Apitraz. Provavelmente, não há ainda riscos de resistência nestes apiários controlados.
ABSTRACT: The death and disappearance of colonies of honeybees and even entire apiaries have been worrying scientists around the world. The mites of the species Varroa spp. are pointed out as one of the main factors involved in this problem. The increasing appearance of resistance of these mites to acaricides, due to the successive use of the same molecule or by misapplication of existing ones, created the need to develop new control methods. In addition, the use of combined treatment protocols with more than one acaricide has been presented as a good alternative to the conventional use of only one product. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the actual efficacy of the use of two products approved in Portugal for the control of varroosis: Apitraz 500 mg and Bayvarol 3.6 mg. Positive colonies for varroa were previously selected, using two methods of evaluation: the use of varroa counting trays and through laboratory diagnosis. Experimental trials were carried out in two apiaries (Bragança and Carrazeda de Ansiães), with 24 colonies each, and established, by apiary, four experimental groups: a control group of 5 colonies (without treatment) and 3 treatment groups, one with 5 colonies which were permanently treated with Apitraz 500 mg and two with 14 colonies (7 + 7) that were alternately treated with Apitraz and Bayvarol in both treatments. Three applications of each treatment were performed for periods of 42 days each, with monitoring of mite drop by colonies and measurement of the temperature during this period. In the final control treatment, the ApilifeVar was used. The efficacy of the use of treatments to combat varroosis was evaluated through analysis of variance, using SPSS, 25. The exclusive treatment with Apitraz presented better results with an efficacy rate of 98.1%. Cross-treatments, Apitraz+Bayvarol showed an efficacy rate of 96.9% and Bayvarol+Apitraz, 94.7%. However, in general, there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) between the results of these three treatments, although all showed significant differences compared to the group without treatment against varroa (p<0.05). There is no evidence in this study of increased cross-drug efficacy compared to the single use of Apitraz. There is probably still no risk of resistance in these controlled apiaries
ABSTRACT: The death and disappearance of colonies of honeybees and even entire apiaries have been worrying scientists around the world. The mites of the species Varroa spp. are pointed out as one of the main factors involved in this problem. The increasing appearance of resistance of these mites to acaricides, due to the successive use of the same molecule or by misapplication of existing ones, created the need to develop new control methods. In addition, the use of combined treatment protocols with more than one acaricide has been presented as a good alternative to the conventional use of only one product. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the actual efficacy of the use of two products approved in Portugal for the control of varroosis: Apitraz 500 mg and Bayvarol 3.6 mg. Positive colonies for varroa were previously selected, using two methods of evaluation: the use of varroa counting trays and through laboratory diagnosis. Experimental trials were carried out in two apiaries (Bragança and Carrazeda de Ansiães), with 24 colonies each, and established, by apiary, four experimental groups: a control group of 5 colonies (without treatment) and 3 treatment groups, one with 5 colonies which were permanently treated with Apitraz 500 mg and two with 14 colonies (7 + 7) that were alternately treated with Apitraz and Bayvarol in both treatments. Three applications of each treatment were performed for periods of 42 days each, with monitoring of mite drop by colonies and measurement of the temperature during this period. In the final control treatment, the ApilifeVar was used. The efficacy of the use of treatments to combat varroosis was evaluated through analysis of variance, using SPSS, 25. The exclusive treatment with Apitraz presented better results with an efficacy rate of 98.1%. Cross-treatments, Apitraz+Bayvarol showed an efficacy rate of 96.9% and Bayvarol+Apitraz, 94.7%. However, in general, there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) between the results of these three treatments, although all showed significant differences compared to the group without treatment against varroa (p<0.05). There is no evidence in this study of increased cross-drug efficacy compared to the single use of Apitraz. There is probably still no risk of resistance in these controlled apiaries
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Keywords
Apis mellifera Varroa destructor Tratamento combinado Apitraz Bayvarol Portugal Combined treatmen