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Simbiose Industrial em Empresas na Região Dão-Lafões: um estudo exploratório
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Abstract(s)
Nas últimas décadas, o aumento da temperatura global está ligado às emissões de gases de
efeito de estufa, especialmente CO2, impulsionado pela industrialização e mudanças de
consumo. O Acordo de Paris, assinado por mais de 180 países, reconhece a urgência de mitigar
essas emissões sem comprometer o desenvolvimento económico. A Simbiose Industrial (SI) ,
conceito originado a partir da Ecologia Industrial, propõe um sistema colaborativo entre
empresas para a reutilização de subprodutos e recursos. No contexto de combater as alterações
climáticas, a SI está fortemente ligada à sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustentável e é
considerada uma estratégia importante na transição para a Economia Circular.
Esta dissertação baseia-se numa abordagem de estudo de caso, com entrevistas presenciais
realizadas a representantes de empresas industriais da região Dão-Lafões. O problema que deu
origem a esta investigação parte do princípio de que nenhum processo industrial é 100%
eficiente, gerando sempre resíduos. O objetivo central é verificar se existe reaproveitamento de
materiais entre empresas na região, num modelo de SI que reduza a produção de resíduos e
traga benefícios operacionais, ambientais e sociais. Além disso, a pesquisa procura identificar
se há práticas de SI, compreender as motivações ou barreiras à sua implementação e os
benefícios resultantes. Das 21 empresas contactadas para o estudo, foi possível realizar
entrevistas presenciais com 5 destas e foram feitas perguntas indicadas num guião de entrevista
semiestruturado.
De forma geral, as empresas entrevistas demonstraram pouco conhecimento ou
envolvimento direto com práticas de SI. A maioria não está familiarizada com o conceito, e os
exemplos apresentados de possíveis práticas de SI não atendem aos critérios necessários, uma
vez que não envolvem trocas físicas de recursos ou são unilaterais, beneficiando apenas uma
das partes. Quanto a motivações para a sua adoção, as empresas indicaram preocupações
ambientais. Relativamente às barreiras, foram apontadas diversas dificuldades, como a falta de
legislação adequada, os elevados custos de materiais reciclados em comparação com matéria prima, e uma cultura empresarial que tende ao individualismo e falta de cooperação entre
empresas. Também foram mencionadas barreiras relacionadas com a confiança entre empresas
e à partilha de dados e processos, o que dificulta a criação de redes de Simbiose Industrial. Por
fim, não foi possível identificar benefícios concretos que tenham sido alcançados, uma vez que
nenhuma das empresas pratica verdadeiramente a SI.
In recent decades, the increase in global temperature has been linked to greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, driven by industrialization and changes in consumption. The Paris Agreement, signed by more than 180 countries, recognizes the urgency of mitigating these emissions without compromising economic development. Industrial Symbiosis (IS), a concept originated from Industrial Ecology, proposes a collaborative system among companies for the reuse of by-products and resources, and in the context of fighting climate change, IS is strongly connected to sustainability and sustainable development and is considered an important strategy in the transition to a Circular Economy. The research is based on a case study approach, with in-person interviews conducted with representatives from industrial companies in the Dão-Lafões region. The problem that gave rise to this investigation is based on the premise that no industrial process is 100% efficient, always generating waste. The central objective is to verify whether there is a reuse of materials among companies in the region within an IS model that reduces waste production and brings operational, environmental, and social benefits. Additionally, the research seeks to identify whether there are IS practices, understand the motivations or barriers to their implementation, and the resulting benefits. Of the 21 companies contacted for the study, it was possible to conduct in-person interviews with 5 of them, and questions were posed as indicated in a semi structured interview guide. In general, the interviewed companies demonstrated little knowledge or direct involvement with Industrial Symbiosis practices. Most are not familiar with the concept, and the examples presented of possible IS practices do not meet the necessary criteria, as they do not involve physical exchanges of resources or are unilateral, benefiting only one of the parties. Regarding motivations for its adoption, companies indicated environmental concerns. As for barriers, several difficulties were pointed out, such as the lack of appropriate legislation, the high costs of recycled materials compared to raw materials, and a corporate culture that tends towards individualism and lack of cooperation among companies. Barriers related to trust between companies and the sharing of data and processes were also mentioned, which hinders the creation of Industrial Symbiosis networks. Finally, it was not possible to identify concrete benefits that have been achieved, as none of the companies truly practice IS.
In recent decades, the increase in global temperature has been linked to greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, driven by industrialization and changes in consumption. The Paris Agreement, signed by more than 180 countries, recognizes the urgency of mitigating these emissions without compromising economic development. Industrial Symbiosis (IS), a concept originated from Industrial Ecology, proposes a collaborative system among companies for the reuse of by-products and resources, and in the context of fighting climate change, IS is strongly connected to sustainability and sustainable development and is considered an important strategy in the transition to a Circular Economy. The research is based on a case study approach, with in-person interviews conducted with representatives from industrial companies in the Dão-Lafões region. The problem that gave rise to this investigation is based on the premise that no industrial process is 100% efficient, always generating waste. The central objective is to verify whether there is a reuse of materials among companies in the region within an IS model that reduces waste production and brings operational, environmental, and social benefits. Additionally, the research seeks to identify whether there are IS practices, understand the motivations or barriers to their implementation, and the resulting benefits. Of the 21 companies contacted for the study, it was possible to conduct in-person interviews with 5 of them, and questions were posed as indicated in a semi structured interview guide. In general, the interviewed companies demonstrated little knowledge or direct involvement with Industrial Symbiosis practices. Most are not familiar with the concept, and the examples presented of possible IS practices do not meet the necessary criteria, as they do not involve physical exchanges of resources or are unilateral, benefiting only one of the parties. Regarding motivations for its adoption, companies indicated environmental concerns. As for barriers, several difficulties were pointed out, such as the lack of appropriate legislation, the high costs of recycled materials compared to raw materials, and a corporate culture that tends towards individualism and lack of cooperation among companies. Barriers related to trust between companies and the sharing of data and processes were also mentioned, which hinders the creation of Industrial Symbiosis networks. Finally, it was not possible to identify concrete benefits that have been achieved, as none of the companies truly practice IS.
Description
Keywords
Sustentabilidade Estudo de caso Simbiose Industrial Dão-Lafões : Industrial Symbiosis Sustainability Dão-Lafões Case Study