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A educação dos tutores como fator de prevenção na profilaxia oral
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A doença periodontal é reconhecida como uma das patologias mais prevalentes nos animais de companhia, afetando a maioria dos cães adultos e geriátricos. Caracteriza-se por um processo inflamatório crónico que, se não for travado precocemente, evolui para a destruição irreversível dos tecidos de suporte dentário, comprometendo não só a funcionalidade mastigatória, mas também a saúde sistémica e o bem-estar geral do animal. Neste contexto, o cálculo dentário, ou tártaro, assume um papel central como fator retentivo de placa bacteriana, perpetuando o ciclo inflamatório. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito da conclusão do Mestrado em Enfermagem Veterinária de Animais de Companhia. É composto por um estudo acerca da profilaxia oral de canídeos e uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a cavidade oral. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo abordar a educação dos tutores como elemento determinante na prevenção da doença periodontal em cães e no controlo da formação de tártaro. Numa primeira fase, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de enquadrar a anatomia dentária canina, a etiopatogenia do tártaro enquanto cálculo dentário resultante da mineralização da placa bacteriana e as principais patologias periodontais associadas, nomeadamente gengivite, periodontite, abcessos dentários, fraturas dentárias e neoplasias orais, destacando-se o seu impacto no bem-estar e na saúde geral do animal. Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se um estudo aplicado sobre a profilaxia de canídeos acerca do tártaro, o qual permitiu analisar a etiologia e os fatores de progressão da condição, validando a relevância da intervenção precoce e demonstrando a importância do aconselhamento clínico e da educação sanitária junto dos atuais tutores. Por fim, procedeu-se à análise do papel do enfermeiro veterinário na promoção da literacia em saúde oral, na identificação de barreiras à adesão e na implementação de intervenções educativas centradas no tutor, com ênfase na escovagem dentária, em produtos de higiene oral apropriados e em rotinas domiciliárias sustentáveis. Conclui-se que a educação estruturada e contínua do tutor, conduzida por profissionais de enfermagem veterinária, constitui uma base essencial para reduzir a incidência e a progressão das doenças periodontais, promovendo benefícios relevantes na saúde e qualidade de vida nos cães de companhia.
ABSTRACT: Periodontal disease is recognized as one of the most prevalent conditions in companion animal clinics, affecting the majority of adult and geriatric dogs. It is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that, if not halted early, progresses to the irreversible destruction of the supporting dental tissues, compromising not only chewing function but also systemic health and the overall well-being of the animal. In this context, dental calculus, or tartar, plays a central role as a plaque-retentive factor, perpetuating the inflammatory cycle. This work was developed as part of the completion of the Master's degree in Veterinary Nursing of Companion Animals. It consists of a study on the oral prophylaxis of dogs and a literature review on the oral cavity. Its aim is to contextualize and support the topic under study, addressing the education of pet owners as a key factor in the prevention of periodontal disease in dogs and in controlling tartar formation. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to outline canine dental anatomy, the etiopathogenesis of tartar as dental calculus resulting from the mineralization of bacterial plaque and the main associated periodontal pathologies, namely gingivitis, periodontitis, dental abscesses, tooth fractures, and oral neoplasia, highlighting their impact on the animal's health and well-being. Concurrently, an applied study on canine prophylaxis regarding tartar was developed, which allowed for the analysis of the etiology and progression factors of the condition, validating the relevance of early intervention and demonstrating the importance of clinical counseling and sanitary education for owners. Finally, the role of the veterinary nurse in promoting oral health literacy was analyzed, identifying barriers to compliance and implementing owner-centered educational interventions, with an emphasis on tooth brushing, appropriate oral hygiene products, and sustainable home routines. It is concluded that structured and continuous owner education, led by veterinary nursing professionals, constitutes an essential foundation for reducing the incidence and progression of periodontal diseases, promoting significant benefits for the health and quality of life of companion dogs.
ABSTRACT: Periodontal disease is recognized as one of the most prevalent conditions in companion animal clinics, affecting the majority of adult and geriatric dogs. It is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that, if not halted early, progresses to the irreversible destruction of the supporting dental tissues, compromising not only chewing function but also systemic health and the overall well-being of the animal. In this context, dental calculus, or tartar, plays a central role as a plaque-retentive factor, perpetuating the inflammatory cycle. This work was developed as part of the completion of the Master's degree in Veterinary Nursing of Companion Animals. It consists of a study on the oral prophylaxis of dogs and a literature review on the oral cavity. Its aim is to contextualize and support the topic under study, addressing the education of pet owners as a key factor in the prevention of periodontal disease in dogs and in controlling tartar formation. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to outline canine dental anatomy, the etiopathogenesis of tartar as dental calculus resulting from the mineralization of bacterial plaque and the main associated periodontal pathologies, namely gingivitis, periodontitis, dental abscesses, tooth fractures, and oral neoplasia, highlighting their impact on the animal's health and well-being. Concurrently, an applied study on canine prophylaxis regarding tartar was developed, which allowed for the analysis of the etiology and progression factors of the condition, validating the relevance of early intervention and demonstrating the importance of clinical counseling and sanitary education for owners. Finally, the role of the veterinary nurse in promoting oral health literacy was analyzed, identifying barriers to compliance and implementing owner-centered educational interventions, with an emphasis on tooth brushing, appropriate oral hygiene products, and sustainable home routines. It is concluded that structured and continuous owner education, led by veterinary nursing professionals, constitutes an essential foundation for reducing the incidence and progression of periodontal diseases, promoting significant benefits for the health and quality of life of companion dogs.
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Canídeo Dente Odontologia Tártaro Prevenção Canine Odontology Teeth Tartar Prevention
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC