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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Abstract: The brain contains many interconnected and complex cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Injury to the brain causes permanent dysfunctions in these mechanisms. So, it continues to be an area
where surgical intervention cannot be performed except for the removal of tumors and the repair
of some aneurysms. Some agents that can cross the blood–brain barrier and reach neurons show
neuroprotective effects in the brain due to their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
properties. In particular, some agents act by reducing or modulating the accumulation of protein
aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s
disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion disease) caused by protein accumulation. Substrate
accumulation causes increased oxidative stress and stimulates the brain’s immune cells, microglia, and
astrocytes, to secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Long-term or chronic neuroinflammatory response
triggers apoptosis. Brain damage is observed with neuronal apoptosis and brain functions are
impaired. This situation negatively affects processes such as motor movements, memory, perception,
and learning. Neuroprotective agents prevent apoptosis by modulating molecules that play a role in
apoptosis. In addition, they can improve impaired brain functions by supporting neuroplasticity and
neurogenesis. Due to the important roles that these agents play in central nervous system damage or
neurodegenerative diseases, it is important to elucidate many mechanisms. This review provides
an overview of the mechanisms of flavonoids, which constitute a large part of the agents with
neuroprotective effects, as well as vitamins, neurotransmitters, hormones, amino acids, and their
derivatives. It is thought that understanding these mechanisms will enable the development of new
therapeutic agents and different treatment strategies.
Description
Keywords
Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Neurodegenerative Neuroplasticity Neuroprotection
Citation
Pekdemir, B., Raposo, A., Saraiva, A., Lima, M. J., Alsharari, Z. D., BinMowyna, M. N., & Karav, S. (2024). Mechanisms and Potential Benefits of Neuroprotective Agents in Neurological Health. Nutrients, 16(24), 4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244368
Publisher
MDPI