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Este artigo descreve a forma como o conceito
“evidência” evoluiu na área da saúde e os princípios e
metodologias adotados na sua exploração, especialmente na
educação para a saúde. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa nas bases
de dados Pubmed/Medline para identificar publicações
originais, editoriais e artigos de revisão sobre a temática em
estudo, com recurso às seguintes palavras-chave, “health
education”, “evidence based medicine”, “evidence based
public health”, “health promotion”, “evidence based health
promotion”.
A utilização do termo “evidência” tornou-se corrente
no âmbito do debate em saúde pública e na avaliação das
práticas clínicas, em particular na área da prevenção e
promoção da saúde. A medicina baseada na evidência consiste
numa abordagem que visa integrar o conhecimento clínico
individual com a melhor evidência disponível resultante de
uma investigação sistemática.
A abordagem baseada na evidência alargou-se,
gradualmente, a outras esferas, desde a saúde pública, às
intervenções comunitárias, passando pela educação para a
saúde. Assim, surgiram novos conceitos como a saúde pública
ou promoção da saúde baseada na evidência. No entanto,
novos desafios se colocam quando se pretende explorar o
efeito de intervenções nas comunidades, envolvendo novas
abordagens na exploração da melhor evidência disponível. O debate sobre a promoção e educação para saúde
baseada na evidência tem-se centrado em duas questões
essenciais: qual o tipo de evidência que deve ser explorada de
forma a estabelecer a sua efetividade e quais as metodologias
mais adequadas na exploração dessas evidências.
Abstract This paper focuses on how the concept of evidence evolved in the health domain, the principles and methodologies adopted in its exploitation, especially in health promotion and education. We performed a search in the Pubmed/Medline to identify original publications, editorials and review articles about the subject in study using the following keywords, "health education", "evidence based medicine", "evidence based public health", "health promotion", "evidence based health promotion". The use of the term ‘evidence’ in the evaluation of medical practices has become widely debated in the public health domain, particularly in the field of health promotion and health education. The evidence-based medicine aims to integrate the individual clinical experience with the best available evidence based on systematic reviews. The evidence approach gradually extended to other domains, from public health to health promotion or education. Consequently, new concepts emerged such as evidence-based public health or evidence-based health promotion. Still, new challenges arise when assessing the effect of interventions among communities, involving new approaches when exploring the best evidence. The debate on health promotion and education based on evidence has focused on two main concerns: what type of evidence should be explored in order to establish its effectiveness and which are the most appropriate methodologies for the exploitation of this evidence.
Abstract This paper focuses on how the concept of evidence evolved in the health domain, the principles and methodologies adopted in its exploitation, especially in health promotion and education. We performed a search in the Pubmed/Medline to identify original publications, editorials and review articles about the subject in study using the following keywords, "health education", "evidence based medicine", "evidence based public health", "health promotion", "evidence based health promotion". The use of the term ‘evidence’ in the evaluation of medical practices has become widely debated in the public health domain, particularly in the field of health promotion and health education. The evidence-based medicine aims to integrate the individual clinical experience with the best available evidence based on systematic reviews. The evidence approach gradually extended to other domains, from public health to health promotion or education. Consequently, new concepts emerged such as evidence-based public health or evidence-based health promotion. Still, new challenges arise when assessing the effect of interventions among communities, involving new approaches when exploring the best evidence. The debate on health promotion and education based on evidence has focused on two main concerns: what type of evidence should be explored in order to establish its effectiveness and which are the most appropriate methodologies for the exploitation of this evidence.
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Keywords
Educação para a saúde Medicina baseada na evidência Saúde pública Health education Evidence-based medicine Public health
Citation
Pereira, Carlos & Veiga, Nélio (2014). Educação Para a Saúde Baseada em Evidências. Millenium, 46 (janeiro/junho). Pp. 107‐136.