Browsing by Author "Costa, Lina"
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- Assessing the failure in transfer of passive immunity in beef calves: two case reportsPublication . Silva, Carolina Balao; Costa, Lina; Santos, Rute; Pereira, Luisa; Pinto, Henrique; Waap, HelgaIntroduction: Failure in Transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) is a condition that occurs frequently in the bovine species when inadequate ingestion or absorption of enough good-quality colostrum takes place. In bovine kept in extensive conditions, FTPI diagnosis is usually made by complete physical examination, with not enough time for laboratory analysis, and treatment is based on the administration of colostrum replacement products or transfusion. Objectives: To evaluate the transfer of passive immunity in meat calves kept in extensive conditions. Methods: We hereby describe two case reports of calves presenting clinical signs compatible with FTPI and their biochemical analysis, including IgG determination by an ELISA test. Results: The results indicated that both calves presented a very low serum IgG concentration (calf 1: 0.7mg/ml and calf 2: 1mg/ml), confirming FTPI. The animals were treated with a plasma transfusion from a crossbreed cow. At 24 hours after the plasma transfusion, serum IgG concentration raised slightly on both animals, but after 48 hours serum IgG reduced to a concentration similar to the pre-transfusion values. Conclusions: We conclude that plasma transfusion can be an effective treatment for FTPI in clinical cases in extensive conditions but it has to be monitored assuring that serum IgG concentration reaches normal values. Immunological status of donors should be assessed before plasma collection and transfer.
- Mortalidade de vitelos filhos de vacas alentejanas e mertolengas no distrito de PortalegrePublication . Santos, Rute; Pereira, Luísa; Minas, Miguel; Costa, Lina; Carvalho, Maria da Graça; Caetano, Maria do Carmo; Neves, JoséIntrodução: Para além do seu impacto económico, a mortalidade dos vitelos é um indicador importante do bem-estar animal nas explorações de bovinos de carne. Objetivos: Avaliar as taxas de mortalidade de vitelos descendentes de vacas de 2 raças autóctones nas explorações do distrito de Portalegre. Métodos: Os registos de nascimentos e de mortes entre o nascimento e os 180 dias, de vitelos nascidos de vacas das raças Alentejana e Mertolenga nas explorações do distrito de Portalegre entre 1 de janeiro de 2016 e 31 de dezembro de 2018, foram obtidos da base de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informação e Registo Animal (SNIRA). Calcularam-se as taxas de mortalidade e avaliou-se a associação entre o período da mortalidade e a idade das mães. Resultados: Os vitelos nascidos de vacas de raça Alentejana e Mertolenga representaram 11,6% e 2,9% dos nascimentos no distrito de Portalegre no período considerado, havendo um decréscimo do número de nascimentos ao longo dos 3 anos, mais evidente na raça Alentejana. A taxa de mortalidade média dos vitelos foi de 3,2% para os filhos de vacas de raça Alentejana e de 2,3% para os filhos de vacas de raça Mertolenga. A idade média das vacas foi de 8,68 e 7,37 anos (Alentejanas e Mertolengas, respetivamente). Verificou-se que a mortalidade perinatal ocorreu em vacas mais velhas (p=0,024). Conclusões: As taxas de mortalidade dos vitelos nascidos das duas raças em estudo são baixas a moderadas, quando comparadas com as publicadas sobre outras raças.
- Mortality and Morbidity of Beef Calves in Free-Range Farms in Alentejo, Portugal—A Preliminary StudyPublication . Santos, Rute; Cachapa, Ana; Carvalho, Graça P.; Silva, Carolina B.; Hernández, Laura; Costa, Lina; Pereira, Luísa S.; Minas, Miguel; H, ValaExtensive cow-calf beef cattle farms play a significant role in Portuguese livestock production, but records of important production variables, such as calf mortality, are scarce. To assess herd-level calf mortality and its potential economic impact, farmers from the Alentejo region were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding herd size, feeding and reproductive management practices, calf mortality (from birth to weaning), and detection of the main morbidity causes, as well as of sudden, unexplained deaths during the previous 12 months. Farmers were also requested to quantitatively assess the economic impact of calf mortality on their annual revenue. In the majority of farms, the herd size was larger than 100 animals. The median stocking rate was 0.41 adult animals/hectare, and 70% of farmers stated their farm was self-sufficient in forage. The percent of live births that resulted in weaned calves averaged 94.3%, which led to the assumption of a 5.7% calf mortality rate from birth to weaning. In the previous 12 months, 78.8% of the farms identified at least one case of calf diarrhea, 60.7% identified at least one case of respiratory disease, and 82.1% had at least one sudden, unexplained calf death. As expected, farmers that assessed a higher impact of calf losses on their annual economic revenue were also those who reported higher incidences of calf diarrhea, respiratory disease, and sudden, unexplained deaths. One-quarter of the farmers were unable to assess the economic impact of calf mortality on the farm’s revenue. Herd size appears to have a predictive value on calf mortality in the first month of life, and from 30 days to weaning. The number of sudden, unexplained calf deaths seems to have a predictive value on overall calf mortality (from birth to weaning), suggesting that the farms’ management practices probably play an important role in calf mortality throughout the suckling period. Further studies are needed to fully understand calf mortality in Portuguese extensive rearing systems.
- Prognostic Factors and Life Expectancy in Canine LeishmaniosisPublication . Pereira, Maria Aires; Santos, Rute; Oliveira, Ricardo; Costa, Lina; Prata, Ana; Gonçalves, Vânia; Roquette, Madalena; Vala, Helena; Santos-Gomes, GabrielaCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic and potentially fatal disease. The prognosis of CanL depends on the severity of the clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities presented by the dog at the time of diagnosis. This study aims to estimate the survival time of dogs with CanL, determining the prognostic value of different clinical and clinicopathological parameters. Medical records of 99 dogs diagnosed with CanL in five veterinary centers of the Alentejo region (Portugal) were examined retrospectively. The majority of dogs presented hyperproteinemia, moderate normocytic normochromic anemia, normal blood urea and creatinine levels and were classified as stage 1 according to the International Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines at the time of diagnosis. The severity of anemia, presence of concomitant infectious diseases at the time of diagnosis and the anti-Leishmania therapy were correlated with the survival time. The influence of renal dysfunction was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients classified as IRIS 1 at the time of diagnosis survived more than four years, in contrast with dogs classified as IRIS 2 that survived around two and half years and dogs classified as IRIS 3–4 that survived around one month. IRIS stage deteriorated during the course of CanL in one third of the dogs and was the principal cause of death or euthanasia in a high proportion of animals. In some cases, dogs did not receive anti-Leishmania treatment or abandoned the veterinary follow-ups, which may have considerable repercussions for animal wellbeing and public health. This study reinforces the value of blood urea and creatinine levels as prognostic factors in CanL.