RE - Série 2, n.º 03: (2017)
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- Physico-chemical and sensory characterization of fruit jams of S. Tomé and PríncipePublication . Ramalhosa, Elsa; Sousa, Agostinho; Fernandes, Luana; Delgado, Teresa; Fidalgo, Maria; Pereira, JoséIntroduction: São Tomé and Príncipe has a wide variety of fruit trees, being most of the fruits consumed in fresh. In certain periods of the year, fruits are available at significant amounts; however, it is not common to use the surplus of those fruits. Thus, this excess may be used in the preparation of other fruit based products (ex. jams), in order to increase product diversity and allow the annual consumption of these seasonal fruits. Objetives: Valorise fruits’ production in S. Tomé and Príncipe. Methods: Preparation of jams of banana, ambarella, guava (dark and light) and papaya, with two levels of sugar, and perform their physico-chemical characterization (color, pH, moisture and acidity). Furthermore, sensory analysis was also done, through preference and acceptability tests. Results: The jams prepared had different colours, acidity values, and moisture and ash contents, demonstrating the possibility of producing different products by changing the formulation. Regarding jams preference, 60% of the consumers preferred the less sweet in the case of banana and guava (light), whereas, over 67% of the panellists preferred the sweetest ambarella jam. Concerning dark guava and papaya, the percentages were similar for both sugar contents. For all attributes analysed (appearance, colour, taste, acidity, sweetness and global evaluation), most of the panellists liked slightly all jams.Conclusion: Jams production in S. Tomé and Príncipe may be a promising activity.
- Gender differences in a sample of people with heart diseasePublication . Pacheco, Artur; Alves, Cecília; Santos, CéliaIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases are not unique to either men or women, so that it is important to know what differences exist between the sexes, since it is a fact that the physical and psychosocial problems that distinguish them can influence the various areas of their health, particularly cardiovascular health. Objectives: To identify gender differences in a sample of people with heart disease. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study with descriptive and multivariate data analysis using logistic regression. Results: The data indicated that women are more anxious (OR = 2.78; p = 0.018), have low perceived control (OR = 3.06; p = 0.008), do not smoke (OR = 4.41; p = 0.028) and do not drink alcoholic beverages (OR = 5.67; p = 0.000). Conclusions: Nurses should be aware that gender differences between men and women make mean they differ in terms of cardiovascular risk. For this reason, they should be aware of the need to identify the factors that can influence the risk and define and implement interventions that reduce this risk for each gender.
- Prevention of Skin Tears in the Dependent Older Person: Contribution of the Humanitude Care MethodologyPublication . Melo, Rosa; Pereira, Ana; Fernandes, Erica; Freitas, Neide; Melo, AndreiaIntroduction: Aging is characterized by a decline in physical and cognitive functioning, increasing the older person’s vulnerability to dependence. The age factor and the associated physiological skin changes contribute to the occurrence of skin tears. This type of wounds is common in older people and often results from care delivery, hence the importance of caring with Humanitude and avoiding the use of force during interventions. Objectives: This study aims to identify and analyze the current scientific evidence on the contribution of the Humanitude care methodology toward reducing the agitation and preventing skin tears in dependent older people. Methods: Integrative literature review of articles published between 2011 and 2016, available in full text and written in Portuguese and English, in the EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases. Results: Of a total of 75 articles, five articles were obtained after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: The studies showed that the application of the Humanitude care methodology, by using gentle caring techniques, is particularly effective in dependent older people by reducing their pathological agitation behaviors and opposition to treatment/refusal of care and preventing shearing, friction, and bruising.
- A look at the Alzheimer support center ViseuPublication . Carreira, José; Rodrigues, Sandrina; Vergueiro, EmíliaIntroduction: Every 3 seconds, a new case of dementia is diagnosed around the world, amounting around 9.9 million of new cases in 2015. (Prince, et al., 2015) Dementia is an acquired organic syndrome, usually chronic, characterized by the progressive loss of cognitive and functional capacities due to the gradual degeneration of the several cerebral zones. It compromises the personal, family, professional and social life of the individual, severely affecting their autonomy and independence. (Nunes, 2014) Objective: To disseminate the work developed by the Centro de Apoio ao Alzheimer Viseu (CAAV); To characterize the profile and needs of caregivers who seek the services of CAAV. Methods: An exploratory study developed based on data from a sample of 166 caregivers of people with dementia who recruited the CAAV between 2014 and 2017. They are mostly informal caregivers (137), who at some point provided full-time support to the patient without any outside help, with female demand prevailing with 128 requests for support against 38 male caregivers. Results: The most sought after services in CAAV are: technical, social / medical / legal support, as well as psychological support and support group. Most of the people who request these services are women, especially the patients' daughters (49%), followed by the spouses (27%), with Alzheimer dementia being the most frequently referred pathology. Conclusions: The results show that the CAAV assumes an entity with individual and social impact, so based on the Person Centered Care model, CAAV intends in the short and medium term to create new services to support the needs and demands of people with dementia and their caregivers.
- Are we prepared to develop palliative actions in a ward? A literature reviewPublication . Cardoso, Lara; Salgueiro, Diana; Novais, SóniaIntroduction: The World Health Organization (2015) presents as barriers to improving access to palliative care the lack of training and awareness of health professionals. Objectives: Identify the preparation of nurses who provide care, in the acute hospital setting, to develop palliative actions. Methods: Integrative literature review, through the electronic research in the B-ON platform, using the expression: (nursing) AND (palliative care) AND (acute hospital setting) NOT (child* OR infant* OR adolescent*), obtaining six articles of primary studies. Results: Obtained studies are representative of a total of 2220 nurses. The articles showed that nurses from acute hospitals, despite being able to care for patients with palliative care needs, felt that training in this area would be important in order to better understand the needs of these patients. Conclusion: Nurses consider that they have competencies to provide care related to palliative care in acute care, although recognizing that they should be provided with more formation.
- Communication and Interpersonal Competencies for Undergraduate Nursing StudentsPublication . McCarthy, BridieIntroduction: Effective communication skills are essential for holistic nursing care and the provision of a caring professional attitude. Objectives: This article aims to explore Communication and Interpersonal Competencies for Undergraduate Nursing Students. Development: It’s necessaire to draw from some theory or model as a guide to professional performance. Students need education to acquire the knowledge and skills for practice competence. Conclusions: It’s necessaire time and space to practice in order to become effective and competent with the skills of: empathy; listening; non-judgmental attitude; Individualized care (Person- centred care).
- Dementia Approach and Follow-up in Primary CarePublication . Lopes, Ana; Martins, Vitor; Ribeiro, JoãoIntroduction: The prevalence of dementia has been increasing in recent years in parallel with an ageing population. Today it is a common pathology in primary care level. Objectives: To review the family physician’s role in diagnosing and following up on patients with dementia. Methods: Theoretical review based on researching clinical guidelines, systematic and original articles published in English and Portuguese in PubMed, Clinical Key, UpToDate, the Index of Portuguese Journals from January 2006 to September 2016 using the MeSH terms: “Dementia,” “Primary Health Care,” “Primary Care Nursing” and “Primary Care Physician.” Results: When dementia is suspected, it is important to resort to family members and/or caregivers’ cooperation, to conduct a thorough medical history of the patient, focusing on behavioural and cognitive symptoms and changes in daily activities. Subsequently, an objective examination should be carried out and an array of cognitive, psycho-affective and functional assessment tests applied. Finally, an analytical and imaging evaluation should be performed. Equally important is the role of the family physician in the patient’s subsequent treatment/guidance and support to families and caregivers in care management. Conclusions: The family physician is in a prime position for early detection of dementia. Clinical diagnosis is essential and is not always easy at an early stage. The role of doctors and other professionals in primary health care should not be limited to the initial assessment, but should extend to following up on and guiding the sick and their respective families.
- The influence of sociodemographic characteristics and leisure activities in the performance on cognitive training platform primerCOGPublication . Teixeira, José; Alecrim, Patrícia; Freitas, Sandra; Silva, Cláudia; Costa, VanessaIntroduction: Society is rapidly aging, and there is a consequent increase in the prevalence of dementia. Cognitive deficits are related to many variables, some of them are pointed out as possible protectors. According to cognitive reserve theory, practicing stimulating activities throughout life may lead to a decrease in the risk of dementia. In this context, MediaPrimer is developing primerCOG, an online platform for cognitive training, which includes eleven cognitive stimulating activities for seniors. Objective: Evaluate the influence of variables age and education, and leisure activities, on maximum level achieved in primerCOG's activities. Methods: Quantitative non-experimental and transversal design. Sample includes 30 cognitively healthy seniors. Results: Positive associations were observed between the participants' level of education and the maximum level of performance in all activities. On the other hand, there was a negative association of performance in the majority of activities with the participants' age. Additionally, it was found that participants who regularly practiced cognitively stimulating leisure time activities performed better in activities. Conclusions: Results confirm that some variables influence cognitive performance in cognitively healthy seniors, which may be useful to understand the development of dementia. In the future, it will be important to replicate the study with new variables, such as the number of hours spent per day in the activities or the participant's pre-morbid IQ.
- Hansen’s disease in Brazil: Monitoring of disabilitiesPublication . Alencar, Liana; Cunha, MadalenaIntrodution: Hansen’s disease is an infecto-contagious, chronic and curable disease, caused by the Mycobacterium Leprae with a preference for the peripheral nervous system. Objectives: To determine the clinical forms and the operational classification of patients suffering from Hansen's disease; to identify the disability grade of patients diagnosed with Hansen’s disease. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach of a descriptive nature performed on 104 patients diagnosed with Hansen’s disease. Most were male, 63 (60.6%), with an average age of 37 years, 49% had pardo complexion and 34.6% had an elementary education level. Data was collected from the: Notifiable Diseases Information System – SINAN in 2014; Simplified Neurologic Assessment Form for assessing the Grade of Disability (Brasil, 2010, p.35), taken from the Guide for Prevention of Disabilities (Brasil, 2008, p. 112-113). Results: The operational classification of patients suffering from Hansen’s disease revealed that 47.1% were paucibacillary while 52.9% were multibacillary and that 31.7% were diagnosed with the Borderline form and 25.9% with the Tuberculoid form. The Physical Disability Grade (PDG) at the time of diagnosis was the following: Grade 0 – 73 (70.20%); Grade 1 - 17 (16.35%); and 9 patients (8.65%) had developed Grade 2 disabilities. The odds ratios significantly indicate that for women with Hansen’s disease the risk of not having physical disabilities at the time of diagnosis is about 4 times higher than it is for men (OR= 3.868; CI 95%=1.316-11.368). Conclusions: The occurrence of disabilities resulting from Hansen’s disease mostly in men is still a public health problem in Brazil. Therefore, active search for cases within the community, examining household contacts, monitoring of patients by the healthcare units, educational campaigns and research with students in schools are examples of policies which should be implemented in order to eradicate this endemic disease and reduce sequelae thereof.