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Efeitos cardiopulmonares e complicações anestésicas associadas à utilização de Medetomidina versus Midazolam em protocolos pré-anestésicos para ovariohisterectomia eletiva em cadelas saudáveis
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A medetomidina é um potente agonista α₂-adrenérgico, amplamente u lizado na prá ca anestésica veterinária devido às suas propriedades seda vas e analgésicas, embora esteja associada a efeitos cardiovasculares adversos, como bradiarritmias e alterações da pressão arterial. O midazolam é um benzodiazepínico hidrossolúvel, com efeitos sedativos/hipnóticos, ansiolíticos, amnésicos e a atividade anticonvulsivante. Devido ao seu perfil farmacológico, o midazolam constitui uma opção vantajosa para sedação em animais jovens, geriátricos ou debilitados, uma vez que apresenta impacto cardiovascular e respiratório mínimo. Este estudo incluiu 22 cadelas clinicamente saudáveis (N = 22), distribuídas em dois grupos com protocolos pré-anestésicos distintos, com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da medetomidina e do midazolam em cadelas saudáveis submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram monitorizados parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, incluindo frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, frequência respiratória, capnometria, oximetria de pulso e temperatura corporal, ao longo do período anestésico. Os resultados demonstraram que o protocolo com medetomidina esteve associado a uma redução significativa da frequência cardíaca e a maior instabilidade hemodinâmica, apresentando, no entanto, efeito poupador sobre as doses de propofol e isoflurano. O protocolo com midazolam apresentou maior estabilidade cardiovascular, embora com maior ocorrência de hipotermia intraoperatória e menor qualidade da contenção química. Ambos os protocolos mantiveram valores adequados de oxigenação, sendo observados episódios ligeiros de hipercapnia sem relevância clínica. Conclui-se que ambos os protocolos anestésicos são seguros e eficazes em cadelas saudáveis submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva, apresentando, contudo, diferenças relevantes no perfil cardiorrespiratório e na qualidade da contenção química, que devem ser consideradas na seleção do protocolo anestésico.
ABSTRACT: Medetomidine is a potent α₂-adrenergic agonist widely used in veterinary anesthetic practice due to its sedative and analgesic properties, although it is associated with adverse cardiovascular effects such as bradyarrhythmia’s and blood pressure changes. Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine with sedative/hypnotic, anxiolytic, amnesic, and anticonvulsant activity. Due to its pharmacological profile, midazolam is an advantageous option for sedation in young, geriatric, or debilitated animals, as it has minimal cardiovascular and respiratory impact. This study included 22 clinically healthy female dogs (N = 22), divided into two groups with different anesthetic protocols, with the aim of evaluating and comparing the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine and midazolam in healthy female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Cardiorespiratory parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, capnometry, pulse oximetry, and body temperature, were monitored throughout the anesthetic period. The results showed that the medetomidine protocol was associated with a significant reduction in heart rate and greater hemodynamic instability but had a sparing effect on propofol and isoflurane doses. The midazolam protocol showed greater cardiovascular stability, although with a higher occurrence of intraoperative hypothermia and lower quality chemical restraint. Both protocols maintained adequate oxygenation values, with mild episodes of hypercapnia observed without clinical relevance. It is concluded that both anesthetic protocols are safe and effective in healthy female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy, but with relevant differences in cardiorespiratory profile and quality of chemical restraint, which should be considered when selecting the anesthetic protocol.
ABSTRACT: Medetomidine is a potent α₂-adrenergic agonist widely used in veterinary anesthetic practice due to its sedative and analgesic properties, although it is associated with adverse cardiovascular effects such as bradyarrhythmia’s and blood pressure changes. Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine with sedative/hypnotic, anxiolytic, amnesic, and anticonvulsant activity. Due to its pharmacological profile, midazolam is an advantageous option for sedation in young, geriatric, or debilitated animals, as it has minimal cardiovascular and respiratory impact. This study included 22 clinically healthy female dogs (N = 22), divided into two groups with different anesthetic protocols, with the aim of evaluating and comparing the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine and midazolam in healthy female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Cardiorespiratory parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, capnometry, pulse oximetry, and body temperature, were monitored throughout the anesthetic period. The results showed that the medetomidine protocol was associated with a significant reduction in heart rate and greater hemodynamic instability but had a sparing effect on propofol and isoflurane doses. The midazolam protocol showed greater cardiovascular stability, although with a higher occurrence of intraoperative hypothermia and lower quality chemical restraint. Both protocols maintained adequate oxygenation values, with mild episodes of hypercapnia observed without clinical relevance. It is concluded that both anesthetic protocols are safe and effective in healthy female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy, but with relevant differences in cardiorespiratory profile and quality of chemical restraint, which should be considered when selecting the anesthetic protocol.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anestesia Medetomidina Midazolam Efeitos cardiorespiratórios Bradicardia Hipotermia Anesthesia Cardiorespiratory effects Bradycardia Hypothermia
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC