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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A condição de Pé Diabético é uma das complicações mais graves em Pessoas com
Diabetes. A úlcera do pé diabético leva na maioria das vezes à amputação, que é evitável
através do diagnóstico precoce, encaminhamento, referenciação e atuação, por isso é
prioritário que todas as pessoas com diabetes sejam avaliadas com o objetivo de serem
identificados fatores de risco condicionantes do desenvolvimento de lesões nos pés.
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o risco de pé diabético. Optou-se por uma abordagem
quantitativa, através da colheita de informação de tipo transversal e da sua análise descritiva,
com enfoque correlacional.
A amostra não probabilista ficou constituída por 70 adultos, maioritariamente do sexo
masculino (65.7%), com uma média de idades de 66 anos, residente em meio rural (80.0%).
Verificou-se predominância de pessoas portadoras de diabetes entre 10 e 15 anos (37.1%), do
tipo II (82.9%), tratadas com antidiabéticos orais e insulina (41.4%) e seguidos na Consulta
de Pé Diabético do CHTV entre 2 e 3 anos (40.0%). A avaliação em ambos os pés mostrou
que 59.4% dos utentes têm um pé neuropático e 7.8% apresenta um pé neuroisquémico.
A presença de úlceras nos pés afeta 38,6% e 30% já sofreram amputações, 20.0% das
pessoas com diabetes têm em simultâneo úlceras e amputações, a maioria acontecem na faixa
etária dos 72 aos 83 anos (50.1%).
O estudo da Estratificação do Risco permitiu constatar que são os homens que
apresentam maior risco, e que este aumenta nas pessoas mais velhas.
A Classificação do Grau de Risco permitiu apurar que no pé direito, a maioria
apresentava risco categoria 0 (38,8%), seguidos dos de categoria 3 (28,4%) e 2 (19,9%), e por
fim os que apresentam categoria 1 (13,4%). No que concerne ao pé esquerdo o grupo mais
representativo continua a ser nos que apresentam categoria 0 (35,8%), seguidos os de
categoria 3 (32,8%). Em terceiro surgem os que têm categoria 1 (16,4%) e por fim os que
apresentam neuropatia sensorial e deformidade pé ou doença vascular periférica, ou seja
categoria 2 (14,8%). A conjugação de ambos os pés apresenta-se com categoria 0 - 42.9%,
seguidos pelos da categoria 3 – 28.6%, em terceiro lugar os que pertencem categoria 2 –
16.1% e por fim os que pertencem à categoria 1 – 12.4%.
Segundo os critérios da DGS, a amostra apresenta Alto risco de Pé Diabético (44.6%),
seguido dos que apresentam Baixo risco (42.9%) e por fim os que têm Médio risco (12.5%).
A avaliação dos pés da pessoa com diabetes permite determinar a estratificação do seu
risco e intervir precocemente na prevenção do pé diabético e da consequente amputação,
assumindo-se como uma medida de consolidar ganhos em saúde e melhorar a qualidade de
vida destas pessoas.
Palavras-chave: Diabetes, pé diabético, avaliação, risco.
ABSTRACT The condition of the diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications in people with diabetes. The diabetic foot ulcer in most cases leads to amputation, which is preventable through early diagnosis, notice, notice and action, so it is a priority that all people with diabetes should be evaluated in order identify limitations of risk factors in the development of foot lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of diabetic foot. We selected a quantitative approach, through the collection of cross-sectional information and its descriptive analysis with correlational focus. The non-probabilistic sample was composed of 70 adults, mostly male (65.7%), with an average age of 66 years, living in rural areas (80.0%). There was a predominance of people with diabetes between 10 and 15 years (37.1%), type II (82.9%) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin (41.4%) and followed the medical appointment of diabetic foot of “CHTV” between 2 and 3 years (40.0%). The evaluation of both feet showed that 59.4% of users have a neuropathic foot and 7.8% have a neuroischaemic foot. The presence of foot ulcers affect 38.6% and 30% have already suffered amputations, 20.0% of people with diabetes have simultaneously ulcers and amputations, most occur between the ages of 72 to 83 years (50.1%). The study of risk stratification has found that men are at the greatest risk, and that this risk increases in older people. The assessment of the degree of risk revealed that, in the right foot, most people presented risk category 0 (38.8%), followed by category 3 (28.4%) and 2 (19.9%), and finally those presenting a category 1 (13.4%). Regarding the left foot, the most representative group remains in those with category 0 (35.8%), followed by category 3 (32.8%). In the third place are those that have category 1 (16.4%) and finally those with sensorial neuropathy and foot deformity or peripheral vascular disease, i.e. category 2 (14.8%). The combination of both feet is presented with category 0 - 42.9%, followed by category 3 - 28.6%, in third those belonging to category 2 - 16.1% and finally those who belong to category 1 - 12.4%. According to the criteria of the DGS, the sample presents high risk of diabetic foot (44.6%), followed by those who have low risk (42.9%) and finally those with medium risk (12.5%). The assessment of the feet from people with diabetes to determine their risk stratification and make an early intervention in the prevention of diabetic foot and the subsequent amputation can be taken as a measure to consolidate gains in health and improve the quality of life of these people. Keywords: diabetes, diabetic foot, assessment, risk.
ABSTRACT The condition of the diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications in people with diabetes. The diabetic foot ulcer in most cases leads to amputation, which is preventable through early diagnosis, notice, notice and action, so it is a priority that all people with diabetes should be evaluated in order identify limitations of risk factors in the development of foot lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of diabetic foot. We selected a quantitative approach, through the collection of cross-sectional information and its descriptive analysis with correlational focus. The non-probabilistic sample was composed of 70 adults, mostly male (65.7%), with an average age of 66 years, living in rural areas (80.0%). There was a predominance of people with diabetes between 10 and 15 years (37.1%), type II (82.9%) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin (41.4%) and followed the medical appointment of diabetic foot of “CHTV” between 2 and 3 years (40.0%). The evaluation of both feet showed that 59.4% of users have a neuropathic foot and 7.8% have a neuroischaemic foot. The presence of foot ulcers affect 38.6% and 30% have already suffered amputations, 20.0% of people with diabetes have simultaneously ulcers and amputations, most occur between the ages of 72 to 83 years (50.1%). The study of risk stratification has found that men are at the greatest risk, and that this risk increases in older people. The assessment of the degree of risk revealed that, in the right foot, most people presented risk category 0 (38.8%), followed by category 3 (28.4%) and 2 (19.9%), and finally those presenting a category 1 (13.4%). Regarding the left foot, the most representative group remains in those with category 0 (35.8%), followed by category 3 (32.8%). In the third place are those that have category 1 (16.4%) and finally those with sensorial neuropathy and foot deformity or peripheral vascular disease, i.e. category 2 (14.8%). The combination of both feet is presented with category 0 - 42.9%, followed by category 3 - 28.6%, in third those belonging to category 2 - 16.1% and finally those who belong to category 1 - 12.4%. According to the criteria of the DGS, the sample presents high risk of diabetic foot (44.6%), followed by those who have low risk (42.9%) and finally those with medium risk (12.5%). The assessment of the feet from people with diabetes to determine their risk stratification and make an early intervention in the prevention of diabetic foot and the subsequent amputation can be taken as a measure to consolidate gains in health and improve the quality of life of these people. Keywords: diabetes, diabetic foot, assessment, risk.
Description
Curso de mestrado em enfermagem médico cirúrgica
Keywords
Avaliação de risco Complicações da diabetes Pé diabético Diabetes complications Diabetic foot Risk assessment
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu