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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os Serviços de Ecossistema (SE) contemplam todos os bens e serviços, económicos
ou não, que são providenciados pelos vários ecossistemas que se encontram distribuídos por
todo o mundo. Como tal, e devido aos impactes que a humanidade exerceu sobre os
ecossistemas, surge a necessidade de desenvolver métodos que permitam avaliar e quantificar
os serviços que os ecossistemas podem fornecer (Provisão, Regulação, Suporte e Cultural) de
modo que possam ser protegidos e geridos de forma sustentável.
Este estudo, desenvolvido na área do espelho de água da Fraguinha, na serra da Arada,
tem como objetivo a avaliação dos Serviços de Ecossistema na zona de estudo. Pretende-se
igualmente obter dados que facilitem o desenvolvimento de iniciativas para um correto
aproveitamento, gestão e restauro desses mesmos serviços. Por fim, procurou-se perceber qual
a interação das pessoas com os Serviços de Ecossistema presentes na área e qual a
recetividade ao cenário possível da construção de uma praia fluvial no espelho de água da
Fraguinha.
A área de estudo caracteriza-se por ser uma área rural e pouco populosa, na zona
montanhosa da Serra da Arada. Nesta encontra-se um espelho de água e vários cursos de água
permanentes, um parque de campismo e um conjunto de vários ecossistemas dominados por
matos de urzais e zonas florestadas.
Tendo por base os princípios da Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), foram
utilizadas duas metodologias distintas: metodologia direta, baseada na recolha e tratamento de
dados de campo da área de estudo, e metodologia indireta, na qual foram desenvolvidos
inquéritos seguidos do tratamento estatístico dos resultados.
Os resultados associados à metodologia direta permitem perceber que a área de estudo
da Fraguinha dispõe de uma heterogeneidade de ecossistemas, providenciando por isso
igualmente uma heterogeneidade de Serviços de Ecossistema, sendo a área associada ao
parque de campismo a área com maior diversidade e quantidade de SE. Os Serviços de
Ecossistema de Provisão, com uma representação de 54%, e de Regulação, com 46% de
representatividade, são os mais representados na área de estudo, tanto a nível de distribuição
como quantidade. Porém, através dos resultados da metodologia indireta pode-se inferir que
para a população inquirida (71 pessoas), as atividades associadas ao Serviço de Ecossistema Cultural são as mais valorizadas na área de estudo. É também possível concluir que, na
opinião dos inquiridos, a área do espelho de água da Fraguinha deverá ser mantida o mais
natural possível.
Apesar dos resultados apresentados pelas duas metodologias serem discordantes
quanto aos Serviços de Ecossistema mais relevantes para a área de estudo, ambas as
metodologias permitem concluir que a zona do espelho de água apresenta necessidades
relativas ao aproveitamento do espaço natural e atividades de lazer que poderiam dar mais
relevância ao SE Cultural. A medida colocada em estudo por parte da ADRL da
implementação de uma praia fluvial, poderia de certa forma ser uma das soluções para
combater este facto. Porém, os resultados dos inquéritos não parecem demonstrar uma relação
relevante entre a construção da praia fluvial e o aumento da afluência à zona da Fraguinha. A
disponibilidade de apenas 15,5% dos inquiridos para a contribuir monetariamente para a
realização deste projeto, ajuda a reforçar ainda mais esta ideia, pelo que esta solução
necessitará de mais estudo para verificar a sua viabilidade.
Com o presente estudo contribuiu-se não só para a quantificação dos SE da área de
estudo do espelho de água da Fraguinha, como também se oferece um contributo para um
melhor entendimento dos SE a nível nacional e sobre como se pode gerir, proteger e potenciar
sustentávelmente.
ABSTRACT: Ecosystem services (ES) incorporate all goods and services, economic or not economic, that are provided by the various ecosystems that are distributed throughout the world. As such, and due to the disproportionate impacts that humanity has had on ecosystems, there is a need to develop methods that allow the evaluation of the services that any ecosystem can provide (Supply, Regulation, Support and Cultural) so that they can be protected and managed in a sustainable way. This study, developed in the Fraguinha water mirror area, in the Arada mountain range, aims to evaluate Ecosystem Services in the study area. It also aims to obtain data that facilitate the development of initiatives for the correct use, management and restoration of these same services. Lastly, we sought to understand the interaction of people with the Ecosystem Services present in the area and the receptivity to the possible scenario of building a river beach on the Fraguinha water mirror. The study area is characterized by being a rural and sparsely populated area, in the mountainous area of Serra da Arada. There is a water miror and several permanent watercourses, a campsite and a set of various ecosystems dominated by heathland and forested areas. Based on the principles of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), two different methodologies were used: direct methodology, based on the collection and processing of field data from the study area, and indirect methodology, in which surveys were developed followed by statistical treatment of data results. The results associated with the direct methodology allow us to understand that the Fraguinha study area has a heterogeneity of ecosystems, therefore also providing a heterogeneity of Ecosystem Services, with the area associated with the campsite being the area with the greatest diversity and quantity of ES. Provision Ecosystem Services, with a representation of 54%, and Regulation, with 46% representation, are the most represented in the study area, both in terms of distribution and quantity. However, through the results of the indirect methodology it can be inferred that for the surveyed population (71 people), the activities associated with the Cultural Ecosystem Service are the most valued in the study area. It is also possible to conclude that, in the opinion of those surveyed, the Fraguinha water mirror area should be kept as natural as possible. Although the results presented by the two methodologies are discordant regarding the most relevant Ecosystem Services for the study area, both methodologies allow us to conclude that the water mirror area presents needs related to the use of natural space and leisure activities that could provide more relevance to SE Cultural. The measure put under study by ADRL regarding the implementation of a river beach could, in a certain way, be one of the solutions to combat this fact. However, the results of the surveys do not seem to demonstrate a relevant relationship between the construction of the river beach and the increase in affluence in the Fraguinha area. The availability of only 15.5% of respondents to contribute monetarily to the realization of this project helps to further reinforce this idea, meaning this solution will require further study to verify its viability. This study contributed not only to the quantification of ES in the study area of the Fraguinha water mirror, but also offered a contribution to a better understanding of ES at national level and how it can be managed, protected and enhanced sustainably.
ABSTRACT: Ecosystem services (ES) incorporate all goods and services, economic or not economic, that are provided by the various ecosystems that are distributed throughout the world. As such, and due to the disproportionate impacts that humanity has had on ecosystems, there is a need to develop methods that allow the evaluation of the services that any ecosystem can provide (Supply, Regulation, Support and Cultural) so that they can be protected and managed in a sustainable way. This study, developed in the Fraguinha water mirror area, in the Arada mountain range, aims to evaluate Ecosystem Services in the study area. It also aims to obtain data that facilitate the development of initiatives for the correct use, management and restoration of these same services. Lastly, we sought to understand the interaction of people with the Ecosystem Services present in the area and the receptivity to the possible scenario of building a river beach on the Fraguinha water mirror. The study area is characterized by being a rural and sparsely populated area, in the mountainous area of Serra da Arada. There is a water miror and several permanent watercourses, a campsite and a set of various ecosystems dominated by heathland and forested areas. Based on the principles of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), two different methodologies were used: direct methodology, based on the collection and processing of field data from the study area, and indirect methodology, in which surveys were developed followed by statistical treatment of data results. The results associated with the direct methodology allow us to understand that the Fraguinha study area has a heterogeneity of ecosystems, therefore also providing a heterogeneity of Ecosystem Services, with the area associated with the campsite being the area with the greatest diversity and quantity of ES. Provision Ecosystem Services, with a representation of 54%, and Regulation, with 46% representation, are the most represented in the study area, both in terms of distribution and quantity. However, through the results of the indirect methodology it can be inferred that for the surveyed population (71 people), the activities associated with the Cultural Ecosystem Service are the most valued in the study area. It is also possible to conclude that, in the opinion of those surveyed, the Fraguinha water mirror area should be kept as natural as possible. Although the results presented by the two methodologies are discordant regarding the most relevant Ecosystem Services for the study area, both methodologies allow us to conclude that the water mirror area presents needs related to the use of natural space and leisure activities that could provide more relevance to SE Cultural. The measure put under study by ADRL regarding the implementation of a river beach could, in a certain way, be one of the solutions to combat this fact. However, the results of the surveys do not seem to demonstrate a relevant relationship between the construction of the river beach and the increase in affluence in the Fraguinha area. The availability of only 15.5% of respondents to contribute monetarily to the realization of this project helps to further reinforce this idea, meaning this solution will require further study to verify its viability. This study contributed not only to the quantification of ES in the study area of the Fraguinha water mirror, but also offered a contribution to a better understanding of ES at national level and how it can be managed, protected and enhanced sustainably.
Description
Keywords
Serviços de Ecossistema Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Serra da Arada Fraguinha Perceção Social Espelho de Água