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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: O presente documento constitui o relatório final de estágio, desenvolvido
no âmbito da Unidade Curricular “Estágio com Relatório Final: Enfermagem de Saúde
Materna, Obstétrica e Ginecológica”, integrada no Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem de
Saúde Materna, Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, do Instituto Politécnico de Viseu – Escola Superior
de Saúde. Na primeira parte, relativa à componente clínica, irão ser apresentados, segundo
uma descrição critico-reflexiva, os estágios realizados ao longo do ano, preconizados pela
Ordem dos Enfermeiros (Regulamento n.º 391/2019), e pelo plano curricular do curso. De
referir que durante o estágio, foi possível planear, executar e avaliar os cuidados de
enfermagem especializados, fundamentados na melhor evidência científica disponível. Na
segunda parte, relativa à componente de investigação, o interesse pela temática investigada
surgiu do interesse crescente na área da dor no puerpério e na aplicação da crioterapia como
intervenção terapêutica, pelo que o tema explanado foi “A crioterapia na recuperação perineal
no período pós-parto”.
Objetivos: Analisar crítica e reflexivamente as atividades desenvolvidas, os conhecimentos
adquiridos e as competências desenvolvidas, baseadas nas competências gerais e
específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna, Obstétrica e
Ginecológica (EEESMO), ao longo dos estágios constantes no plano formativo do curso e
mapear o conhecimento sobre a utilização de crioterapia perineal, no pós-parto, para alívio da
dor.
Métodos: Na elaboração deste relatório seguiu-se uma metodologia descritiva, com
enquadramento crítico reflexivo, no que se refere às atividades desenvolvidas, tendo como
linha orientadora os objetivos propostos para cada um dos estágios, sustentado no perfil de
competências do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica e
os padrões de qualidade em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, assim como na
melhor evidência científica. Na componente de investigação, foi desenvolvida uma Scoping
Review, de acordo com o protocolo do Joanna Briggs Institute.
Resultados: No presente relatório é passível a verificação do desenvolvimento de
competências comuns e específicas da Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, no
contexto do mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica. Estamos certos de
que as competências adquiridas e as reflexões efetuadas neste percurso contribuam para a
formação de excelência nesta área de especialização. Em todo o processo formativo foi tida
em consideração a prática segundo o código deontológico, inerente ao EESMO e a prática
sustentada em evidência científica. A segunda parte do relatório, integra a componente de
investigação e verificamos que, apesar da totalidade dos estudos selecionados na revisão,
não apoiarem a utilização da crioterapia por não se verificar efeito analgésico, pela sua
utilização na prática e pelo que é verbalizado pelas puérperas, podemos concluir que a
aplicação de gelo é uma estratégia eficaz no alívio da dor. Conclui-se também, que 10 minutos
de crioterapia foi suficiente para obter o efeito antiálgico.
Conclusões: O percurso formativo respeitou o preconizado pelo Regulamento n.º 391/2019
da Ordem dos Enfermeiros e pela diretiva europeia 2005/36/CE de 7 de setembro, tendo todo
ele sido sustentado em evidência científica. Com a finalização deste percurso, verifiquei que
relativamente ao que é verbalizado e percecionado pelas puérperas, aquando da aplicação
de gelo é que existem melhorias relativamente ao desconforto, contudo na pesquisa pela
melhor evidência, pude constatar que ainda existem algumas lacunas e que não necessários
mais estudos na área. O EESMO desempenha um papel crucial no acompanhamento da
mulher na recuperação pós-parto, proporcionando cuidados personalizados e de alta
qualidade, empoderando a mulher relativamente ao autocuidado, facilitando uma melhor
recuperação, promotora para uma parentalidade segura e positiva.
Palavras-chave: crioterapia; gestão da dor; pós-parto; períneo; puérpera.
Abstract Background: This document is the final internship report, developed within the scope of the Curricular Unit ‘Internship with Final Report: Maternal Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing’, part of the Master's Degree Course in Maternal Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing at the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu - School of Health. In the first part, concerning the clinical component, the internships carried out throughout the year, as recommended by the Order of Nurses (Regulation 391/2019) and the course curriculum, will be presented in a critical-reflective manner. It should be noted that during the internship, it was possible to plan, execute and evaluate specialised nursing care, based on the best available scientific evidence. In the second part, relating to the research component, the interest in the topic investigated arose from the growing interest in the area of pain in the puerperium and the application of cryotherapy as a therapeutic intervention, so the theme explained was ‘Cryotherapy in perineal recovery in the postpartum period’. Objectives: To critically and reflectively analyse the activities carried out, the knowledge acquired and the skills developed, based on the general and specific competences of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal, Obstetric and Gynaecological Health Nursing (EMOHN), throughout the internships included in the course's training plan and to map knowledge about the use of perineal cryotherapy in the postpartum period for pain relief. Methods: This report was written using a descriptive methodology, with a critical and reflective framework for the activities carried out, based on the objectives proposed for each of the internships, supported by the competency profile of the Nurse Specialising in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing and the quality standards in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing, as well as the best scientific evidence. In the research component, a Scoping Review was developed, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute protocol. Results: This report verifies the development of common and specific competences in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing in the context of the Master's programme in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. We are sure that the competences acquired and the reflections made along the way will contribute to excellent training in this area of specialisation. Throughout the training process, practice according to the code of ethics inherent to the EESMO and practice based on scientific evidence were taken into account. The second part of the report includes the research component and we found that, although all the studies selected in the review do not support the use of cryotherapy because there is no analgesic effect, due to its use in practice and what is said by the puerperae, we can conclude that the application of ice is an effective strategy for pain relief. We can also conclude that 10 minutes of cryotherapy was enough to achieve the anti-algesic effect. Conclusions: The training course complied with Regulation 391/2019 of the Order of Nurses and European Directive 2005/36/EC of 7 September, all of which was supported by scientific evidence. At the end of this journey, I realised that, in terms of what is verbalised and perceived by the puerperal women when ice is applied, there are improvements in terms of discomfort, but in the search for the best evidence, I was able to see that there are still some gaps and that more studies in the area are not necessary. The EESMO plays a crucial role in accompanying women in postpartum recovery, providing personalised, high-quality care, empowering women in terms of self-care, facilitating better recovery and promoting safe and positive parenting. Keywords: cryotherapy; pain management; postpartum; perineum; puerperal women.
Abstract Background: This document is the final internship report, developed within the scope of the Curricular Unit ‘Internship with Final Report: Maternal Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing’, part of the Master's Degree Course in Maternal Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing at the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu - School of Health. In the first part, concerning the clinical component, the internships carried out throughout the year, as recommended by the Order of Nurses (Regulation 391/2019) and the course curriculum, will be presented in a critical-reflective manner. It should be noted that during the internship, it was possible to plan, execute and evaluate specialised nursing care, based on the best available scientific evidence. In the second part, relating to the research component, the interest in the topic investigated arose from the growing interest in the area of pain in the puerperium and the application of cryotherapy as a therapeutic intervention, so the theme explained was ‘Cryotherapy in perineal recovery in the postpartum period’. Objectives: To critically and reflectively analyse the activities carried out, the knowledge acquired and the skills developed, based on the general and specific competences of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal, Obstetric and Gynaecological Health Nursing (EMOHN), throughout the internships included in the course's training plan and to map knowledge about the use of perineal cryotherapy in the postpartum period for pain relief. Methods: This report was written using a descriptive methodology, with a critical and reflective framework for the activities carried out, based on the objectives proposed for each of the internships, supported by the competency profile of the Nurse Specialising in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing and the quality standards in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing, as well as the best scientific evidence. In the research component, a Scoping Review was developed, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute protocol. Results: This report verifies the development of common and specific competences in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing in the context of the Master's programme in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. We are sure that the competences acquired and the reflections made along the way will contribute to excellent training in this area of specialisation. Throughout the training process, practice according to the code of ethics inherent to the EESMO and practice based on scientific evidence were taken into account. The second part of the report includes the research component and we found that, although all the studies selected in the review do not support the use of cryotherapy because there is no analgesic effect, due to its use in practice and what is said by the puerperae, we can conclude that the application of ice is an effective strategy for pain relief. We can also conclude that 10 minutes of cryotherapy was enough to achieve the anti-algesic effect. Conclusions: The training course complied with Regulation 391/2019 of the Order of Nurses and European Directive 2005/36/EC of 7 September, all of which was supported by scientific evidence. At the end of this journey, I realised that, in terms of what is verbalised and perceived by the puerperal women when ice is applied, there are improvements in terms of discomfort, but in the search for the best evidence, I was able to see that there are still some gaps and that more studies in the area are not necessary. The EESMO plays a crucial role in accompanying women in postpartum recovery, providing personalised, high-quality care, empowering women in terms of self-care, facilitating better recovery and promoting safe and positive parenting. Keywords: cryotherapy; pain management; postpartum; perineum; puerperal women.
Description
Keywords
Competência profissional Crioterapia Dor Enfermagem obstétrica Períneo - lesões Puerpério Revisão Cryotherapy Obstetric nursing Pain Perineum - injuries Postpartum period Professional competence Review