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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução – As patologias cardíacas representam, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, a
principal causa de morte nos países desenvolvidos existindo uma preocupação crescente com as
consequências e sequelas, não só a nível físico como psicológico, destas patologias nos
indivíduos que as padecem. Um dos factores de risco reconhecidamente relevante para o
surgimento destas patologias é o sedentarismo, o que por consequência torna o exercício físico
uma prática recomendada com benefícios comprovados a nível físico e psicológico quer na
prevenção quer no debelar destas patologias. Deste modo este estudo teve por principal
objectivo avaliar o impacto do exercício físico no bem-estar subjectivo – nas suas componentes
de satisfação com a vida e de afectos positivos e negativos – e psicológico nos indivíduos
portadores de patologia cardíaca.
Métodos – Para esta pesquisa transversal, descritivo-correlacional de natureza quantitativa
recorremos a uma amostra não probabilística constituída por 107 utentes, maioritariamente do
sexo masculino (52,30%), com uma média de idades de 64.22 anos e inscritos em sete centros
hospitalares/clínicos da região norte e centro de Portugal. Para a mensuração das variáveis
foram utilizadas escalas aferidas e validadas para a população portuguesa: Escala de Satisfação
com a Vida (SWLS) para avaliar a satisfação com a vida, Escala de Afectos Positivos e
Negativos (PANAS) para avaliar os afectos e a Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (EBEP) para
avaliar o bem-estar psicológico. Foi também utilizada uma ficha sociodemográfica e de
caracterização da prática de exercício físico.
Resultados – A análise dos resultados evidenciou que existem diferenças significativas, no
bem-estar subjectivo, nas suas componentes de satisfação com a vida e de afectos; os praticantes
de exercício físico revelam uma maior satisfação com a vida e percepção dos afectos positivos,
enquanto os afectos negativos se repercutem mais nos não praticantes; os indivíduos que
praticam exercício apresentam maior grau de bem-estar psicológico (na dimensão autonomia)
quando comparados com não praticantes; independente da prática de exercício físico os
elementos do sexo masculino apresentam uma maior satisfação com a vida e domínio do meio,
os residentes em zona urbana demonstram mais afectos positivos, os desempregados evidenciam
mais afectos negativos, e a dimensão crescimento pessoal do bem-estar psicológico é relevante
em indivíduos dos 37 aos 55 anos, de zona urbana, empregados e com habilitações ao nível do
ensino secundário.
Conclusões – Este estudo vem confirmar a importância da prática de exercício físico para uma
atitude psicológica positiva, que se reveste de maior significado no indivíduo portador de
patologia cardíaca, devendo ser concentrados esforços na promoção de um estilo de vida activo
que reabilite o doente e previna estas patologias diminuindo o seu impacto na sociedade.
Palavras-chave: Bem-Estar Subjectivo; Bem-Estar Psicológico; Exercício Físico; Patologias
Cardíacas.
ABSTRACT Introduction – The cardiac pathologies represent according to the World Health Organization the leading cause of death in developed countries, existing a growing concern with the consequences and squeals, not only at a physical level but also at a psychological one, in individuals that suffer these disorders. One of the relevant known risk factors for the emergence of these pathologies is physical inactivity, which consequently makes exercise a practice with proven benefits to physical and psychological level both in the prevention and control of these diseases. Thus the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of exercise on subjective well-being – in its components of life satisfaction and positive and negative affects – and psychological well-being in individuals with cardiac pathology. Methods - For this cross-sectional, correlational-descriptive of quantitative nature study, we use a nonprobabilistic sample consisting of 107 patients, mostly male (52.30%), with a mean age of 64.22 years and enrolled in seven hospitals/clinics in the Northern and Central region of Portugal. For the measurement of variables, were used scales measured and validated for the portuguese population: satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) to evaluate life satisfaction; positive affects and negative affects scale (PANAS) to evaluate affects and the Psychological well-being scale (EBEP) to evaluate the psychological well-being. It was also used a socio-demographic and physical activity characterization. Results – The analysis of the results showed that there are significant differences in subjective well-being, in its components of life satisfaction and affects; physical activity practitioners reveal greater satisfaction with life and positive perception of affects, while the negative impact was shown more on non-practitioners; individuals who practice exercise present greater psychological well-being (in autonomy dimension) when compared with non-practitioners; independent of physical activity, male elements exhibit greater life satisfaction and environmental mastery, urban residents demonstrate more positive affects, unemployed individuals have more negative affects, and personal growth dimension of psychological wellbeing is relevant in individuals from 37 to 55 years old, from urban zone, employed and with qualifications at the secondary school level. Conclusions – This study confirms the importance of physical activity for a positive psychological attitude, which is of greater significance in individual with cardiac pathology, and efforts should be concentrated on promoting an active lifestyle that rehabilitates the patient and prevent these diseases, therefore reducing their impact on society. Keywords: Subjective Well-being; Psychological Well-being; Physical Exercise; Cardiac Pathologies.
ABSTRACT Introduction – The cardiac pathologies represent according to the World Health Organization the leading cause of death in developed countries, existing a growing concern with the consequences and squeals, not only at a physical level but also at a psychological one, in individuals that suffer these disorders. One of the relevant known risk factors for the emergence of these pathologies is physical inactivity, which consequently makes exercise a practice with proven benefits to physical and psychological level both in the prevention and control of these diseases. Thus the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of exercise on subjective well-being – in its components of life satisfaction and positive and negative affects – and psychological well-being in individuals with cardiac pathology. Methods - For this cross-sectional, correlational-descriptive of quantitative nature study, we use a nonprobabilistic sample consisting of 107 patients, mostly male (52.30%), with a mean age of 64.22 years and enrolled in seven hospitals/clinics in the Northern and Central region of Portugal. For the measurement of variables, were used scales measured and validated for the portuguese population: satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) to evaluate life satisfaction; positive affects and negative affects scale (PANAS) to evaluate affects and the Psychological well-being scale (EBEP) to evaluate the psychological well-being. It was also used a socio-demographic and physical activity characterization. Results – The analysis of the results showed that there are significant differences in subjective well-being, in its components of life satisfaction and affects; physical activity practitioners reveal greater satisfaction with life and positive perception of affects, while the negative impact was shown more on non-practitioners; individuals who practice exercise present greater psychological well-being (in autonomy dimension) when compared with non-practitioners; independent of physical activity, male elements exhibit greater life satisfaction and environmental mastery, urban residents demonstrate more positive affects, unemployed individuals have more negative affects, and personal growth dimension of psychological wellbeing is relevant in individuals from 37 to 55 years old, from urban zone, employed and with qualifications at the secondary school level. Conclusions – This study confirms the importance of physical activity for a positive psychological attitude, which is of greater significance in individual with cardiac pathology, and efforts should be concentrated on promoting an active lifestyle that rehabilitates the patient and prevent these diseases, therefore reducing their impact on society. Keywords: Subjective Well-being; Psychological Well-being; Physical Exercise; Cardiac Pathologies.
Description
Keywords
Doenças cardiovasculares Exercício físico Psicologia Satisfação pessoal Cardiovascular diseases Exercise Personal satisfaction Psychology
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu