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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os espaços públicos das cidades portuguesas são predominantemente dominados pelo fluxo de
veículos motorizados. Os modos suaves (peões e ciclistas) são relegados para segundo plano,
afetando o uso social das vias públicas. Existe uma preocupação crescente sobre como esta
situação afeta negativamente a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, e muitas cidades têm vindo a
promover políticas de mobilidade sustentável, com ênfase nos modos suaves. Um instrumento
fundamental para a prossecução desta política é a hierarquização da estrutura viária, associada
a medidas de acalmia do tráfego.
Os impactos das medidas de acalmia do tráfego na rede rodoviária e no seu meio envolvente
são complexos e difíceis de estimar. Os modelos de simulação microscópica são ótimas opções
para esta tarefa, uma vez que podem simultaneamente ter em conta pequenos efeitos como
variações de velocidade ao longo das estradas e grandes efeitos relacionados com a reafectação
de tráfego.
Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender os efeitos da implementação de medidas
de acalmia de tráfego e de uma zona 30 km/h no bairro da Quinta do Galo, em Viseu. A análise
foi baseada no software de microssimulação Aimsun e focada em atrasos para os condutores,
emissões de poluentes e indicadores de segurança.
Uma parte especial deste trabalho abordou a calibração dos modelos de escolha de trajeto. Após
um estudo dos modelos utilizados pelo Aimsun (em particular os modelos Logit e C-logit),
foram realizados inquéritos para compreender como os alunos e funcionários da ESTGV
ponderam diferentes alternativas para uma determinada viagem.
Concluiu-se que a implementação de medidas de acalmia de tráfego e de uma zona 30 km/h
contribui para transferir a maior parte do tráfego de atravessamento e conflitos para as estradas
estruturais que circundam o bairro. Esta intervenção provoca um ligeiro aumento de atrasos
globais, das emissões e dos conflitos, mas cria condições para melhorar a qualidade de vida no
bairro da Quinta do Galo/Jugueiros.
ABSTRACT: The public spaces of Portuguese cities are mostly dominated by motorized vehicle flow. Soft modes (pedestrian and cyclists) are relegated to the background, affecting the use of public streets as spaces of socialization. There is a growing concern about how this situation affects negatively the quality of life, and many city councils are now promoting sustainable mobility policies, with an emphasis on the soft modes. A fundamental instrument to pursue these policies is the hierarchization of the road structure, coupled with traffic calming measures. The impacts of the traffic calming measures in the road network and in the environment are complex and difficult to estimate. Microscopic simulation models are natural options for this task since they can simultaneously account for small effects, such as speed variations along the roads, and large effects, related to traffic reassignment. This way, the main objective of this work was to understand the effects of implementing as traffic calming measures and a 30 km/h zone in the Quinta do Galo neighborhood, in Viseu. The analysis was based on the Aimsun microsimulation software and focused on delays to drivers, pollutant emissions and safety measures. A special part of this work addressed the calibration of the route choice model. Following a study of the models used by Aimsun (particularly Logit and C-Logit), surveys were carried out to understand how ESTGV students and staff behave when they have different alternatives for a given trip. It was concluded that the implementation of the traffic calming measures and the 30 km/h zone contributes to transfer most of the through traffic and conflicts to the structural roads that surround the neighborhood. This intervention causes a slight increase of global delays, emissions and conflicts, but creates conditions to improve the quality of life in the Quinta do Galo / Jugueiros neighborhoods.
ABSTRACT: The public spaces of Portuguese cities are mostly dominated by motorized vehicle flow. Soft modes (pedestrian and cyclists) are relegated to the background, affecting the use of public streets as spaces of socialization. There is a growing concern about how this situation affects negatively the quality of life, and many city councils are now promoting sustainable mobility policies, with an emphasis on the soft modes. A fundamental instrument to pursue these policies is the hierarchization of the road structure, coupled with traffic calming measures. The impacts of the traffic calming measures in the road network and in the environment are complex and difficult to estimate. Microscopic simulation models are natural options for this task since they can simultaneously account for small effects, such as speed variations along the roads, and large effects, related to traffic reassignment. This way, the main objective of this work was to understand the effects of implementing as traffic calming measures and a 30 km/h zone in the Quinta do Galo neighborhood, in Viseu. The analysis was based on the Aimsun microsimulation software and focused on delays to drivers, pollutant emissions and safety measures. A special part of this work addressed the calibration of the route choice model. Following a study of the models used by Aimsun (particularly Logit and C-Logit), surveys were carried out to understand how ESTGV students and staff behave when they have different alternatives for a given trip. It was concluded that the implementation of the traffic calming measures and the 30 km/h zone contributes to transfer most of the through traffic and conflicts to the structural roads that surround the neighborhood. This intervention causes a slight increase of global delays, emissions and conflicts, but creates conditions to improve the quality of life in the Quinta do Galo / Jugueiros neighborhoods.
Description
Keywords
Acalmia de tráfego Aimsun Microssimulação Calibração Escolha de Trajeto Modelos Logit e C-Logit SSAM