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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: O envelhecimento e as alterações na estrutura social e familiar determinam o aparecimento de novas necessidades, cuja satisfação reclama mudanças tanto a nível de saúde como a nível social, que devem ser capazes de desenvolver respostas que possam contribuir para a manutenção e restauração da dignidade e da qualidade de vida. Neste contexto através da Resolução do Conselho de Ministros nº 84/2005 foi criada na dependência do Ministério da Saúde, a Comissão para o Desenvolvimento dos Cuidados de Saúde às Pessoas Idosas e às Pessoas em Situação de Dependência, com o objetivo de ser construído um modelo de intervenção em matéria de Cuidados Continuados Integrados.
As quedas são um risco real, apresentando-se como uma das principais causas de morte e são muitas as pessoas que vivem com estilos de vida comprometida e situações incapacitantes, tornando assim as quedas como um importante problema de saúde pública.
Representam não só a principal causa de morte acidental na última etapa da vida, mas também o motivo mais frequente de ida ao serviço de urgência, justificando internamentos com maior regularidade. (Saraiva D et al, 2008)
Nos idosos, as quedas, são um problema maior de saúde pública e podem levar a situações de incapacidade, injúria e morte. Nos países ocidentais cerca de 30% dos idosos caem pelo menos uma vez por ano e aproximadamente 15% caem mais do que duas vezes por ano. (CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE SAÚDE, CULTURA E SOCIEDADE, 2010)
Desta constatação surgiu a necessidade de estudar o “ Risco de Quedas dos Utentes Internados nas Unidades de Cuidados Continuados do Distrito de Viseu: estudo comparativo entre a Escala de Morse e a Escala de Downton”.
Objetivos: Determinar os fatores de risco de queda dos utentes internados nas Unidades de Cuidados Continuados do Distrito de Viseu;
Avaliar o risco de queda dos utentes internados nas Unidades de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Distrito de Viseu; Comparar a Escala de Morse e as Escala de Downton, avaliando ambas os risco de queda.
Métodos: No que concerne ao tipo de investigação estamos perante um estudo quantitativo, descritivo - correlacional, transversal e não experimental. No estudo a realizar é utilizada a técnica de amostragem não probabilística.
Neste estudo, optou-se pela aplicação de um questionário para a colheita de dados, no qual foram incluídas a escala de Morse, a escala de Downton e o Índice de Katz e questões que possibilitaram a caracterização da amostra. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial e o apoio do programa SPSS 20.
Resultados: A amostra é constituída por 162 indivíduos, em que a idade mínima apresentada foi de 36 anos e a idade máxima foi de 100.
Segundo a escala de Morse: 25 indivíduos não apresentam risco de queda, 69 apresentam baixo risco de queda e 68 apresentam alto risco de queda; 77,8% não apresentam história prévia de queda e 58,0% são classificados como desorientados.
Segundo a escala de Downton: 154 indivíduos apresentam risco de queda e apenas 8 não apresentam risco; 37,0% tomam 3 tipos de medicamentos diferentes; 89,5% apresentam alterações ao nível da deambulação e 56,2% são classificados como desorientados.
Conclusão: Assim sendo a análise dos fatores desencadeantes das quedas e as circunstâncias em que estas ocorrem, assume-se como um pólo fulcral na intervenção do enfermeiro na promoção das estratégias preventivas de quedas.
O desenvolvimento deste trabalho permitiu identificar vários pontos em que é muito importante investigar. È desta forma que seria pertinente e importante sugerir que as unidades de cuidados continuados para além da avaliação do risco também implementem medidas de prevenção. Medidas essas que não devem apenas reportar-se às previstas na legislação, mas também a medidas eficazes e adequadas a cada instituição para a redução das complicações.
Palavras Chave: Risco de queda; Capacidade Funcional; Estado Cognitivo; escala de Morse, escala de Downton.
ABSTRACT Background: aging and changes in social structure and family determine the emergence of new needs, whose satisfaction claims changes both health and social, to be able to develop responses that may contribute to the maintenance and restoration of dignity and quality of life. In this context through the resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 84/2005 was established under the Ministry of Health, Commission for the Development of Health Care for Older Persons and Persons in Situations of Dependency, in order to be constructed a model intervention in the field of integrated care. Falls are a real risk, presenting itself as a leading cause of death and many people living with compromised lifestyles and disabling situations, thus making the falls as a major public health problem. They represent not only the leading cause of accidental death in the last stage of life, but also the most common reason for going to the emergency department, justifying admissions with greater regularity. (Saraiva D et al, 2008) In the elderly, falls are a major problem of public health and can lead to situations of disability, injury and death. In Western countries about 30% of elderly fall at least once a year to about 15% fall more than twice a year. (CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE SAÚDE, CULTURA E SOCIEDADE, 2010) This realization came the need to study the "Risk of Falls in Hospitalized Users Continuing Care Unit of the District of Viseu: comparative study between the Morse Scale and the Downton Scale." Objectives: To determine the risk factors of fall of the users admitted to the Continuing Care Unit of the District of Viseu. Assess the risk of users admitted in the fall of Continuous Care Units of the District of Viseu; To compare the Morse Scale and Downton Scale, assessing both the risk of falling. Methods: Regarding the type of research we have a quantitative, descriptive - correlational and not experimental cross. The study is used to perform a non-probability sampling technique. In this study, we opted for a questionnaire for data collection, which included the Morse scale, the scale of Downton and Katz Index and issues that made it possible to characterize the sample. For the treatment of data was used descriptive and inferential statistics and support of SPSS 20. Results: The sample consisted of 162 individuals, provided that the minimum age was 36 years and maximum age was 100. According to Morse scale: 25 patients have no risk of falling, 69 have a low risk of falling and 68 are at high risk of falling, 77.8% have no previous history of falls and 58.0% are classified as disoriented. According to the Downton scale: 154 individuals at risk of falling and only 8 not present any risk, 37.0% take three different types of drugs, 89.5% had changes in ambulation and 56.2% are classified as disoriented Conclusion: Thus the analysis of the causative factors of falls and the circumstances in which they occur, it is assumed as a central hub in the nurses' intervention in the promotion of preventive strategies for falls. The development of this study identified several areas where it is very important to investigate. It thus would be relevant and important to suggest that the continuing care units in addition to the risk assessment also implement preventive measures. Such measures should not only refer to those laid down in legislation, but also effective and appropriate measures for each institution to reduce complications. Keywords: Risk of falling, functional capacity, cognitive state; Morse scale, Downton scale.
ABSTRACT Background: aging and changes in social structure and family determine the emergence of new needs, whose satisfaction claims changes both health and social, to be able to develop responses that may contribute to the maintenance and restoration of dignity and quality of life. In this context through the resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 84/2005 was established under the Ministry of Health, Commission for the Development of Health Care for Older Persons and Persons in Situations of Dependency, in order to be constructed a model intervention in the field of integrated care. Falls are a real risk, presenting itself as a leading cause of death and many people living with compromised lifestyles and disabling situations, thus making the falls as a major public health problem. They represent not only the leading cause of accidental death in the last stage of life, but also the most common reason for going to the emergency department, justifying admissions with greater regularity. (Saraiva D et al, 2008) In the elderly, falls are a major problem of public health and can lead to situations of disability, injury and death. In Western countries about 30% of elderly fall at least once a year to about 15% fall more than twice a year. (CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE SAÚDE, CULTURA E SOCIEDADE, 2010) This realization came the need to study the "Risk of Falls in Hospitalized Users Continuing Care Unit of the District of Viseu: comparative study between the Morse Scale and the Downton Scale." Objectives: To determine the risk factors of fall of the users admitted to the Continuing Care Unit of the District of Viseu. Assess the risk of users admitted in the fall of Continuous Care Units of the District of Viseu; To compare the Morse Scale and Downton Scale, assessing both the risk of falling. Methods: Regarding the type of research we have a quantitative, descriptive - correlational and not experimental cross. The study is used to perform a non-probability sampling technique. In this study, we opted for a questionnaire for data collection, which included the Morse scale, the scale of Downton and Katz Index and issues that made it possible to characterize the sample. For the treatment of data was used descriptive and inferential statistics and support of SPSS 20. Results: The sample consisted of 162 individuals, provided that the minimum age was 36 years and maximum age was 100. According to Morse scale: 25 patients have no risk of falling, 69 have a low risk of falling and 68 are at high risk of falling, 77.8% have no previous history of falls and 58.0% are classified as disoriented. According to the Downton scale: 154 individuals at risk of falling and only 8 not present any risk, 37.0% take three different types of drugs, 89.5% had changes in ambulation and 56.2% are classified as disoriented Conclusion: Thus the analysis of the causative factors of falls and the circumstances in which they occur, it is assumed as a central hub in the nurses' intervention in the promotion of preventive strategies for falls. The development of this study identified several areas where it is very important to investigate. It thus would be relevant and important to suggest that the continuing care units in addition to the risk assessment also implement preventive measures. Such measures should not only refer to those laid down in legislation, but also effective and appropriate measures for each institution to reduce complications. Keywords: Risk of falling, functional capacity, cognitive state; Morse scale, Downton scale.
Description
Keywords
Acidentes por quedas Avaliação de risco Envelhecimento Estudo comparativo Factores de risco Idoso Prestação integrada de cuidados de saúde Prevenção de acidentes Accidental falls Accident prevention Aged Aging Comparative study Delivery of health care, integrated Risk assessment Risk factors
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu