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Enfermagem de saúde materna e obstétrica, durante o puerpério : Histórias de vida da mulher cigana
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Enquadramento: O Curso Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica – 1.ª Edição contemplou a realização de 36 semanas de estágio nas diferentes áreas de intervenção em que desenvolvi as competências e cumpri com o número de experiências mínimas exigidas, representando na primeira parte a componente clínica com o respetivo relatório. A segunda parte contempla a componente de investigação com a realização de um estudo primário de cariz qualitativo sobre a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, durante o puerpério a mulheres ciganas.
Objetivos: Na primeira parte - adquirir novas competências inerentes ao enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de saúde materna e obstétrica, desenvolvendo o pensamento critico e a reflexão sobre a prática; na segunda parte - compreender o significado atribuído pela mulher cigana à intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica (EE-ESMO), durante o puerpério.
Metodologia: No que concerne à primeira parte concretizou-se o Estágio nas diversas valências de forma a adquirir competências e cumprir com os requisitos mínimos exigidos. Na segunda parte realizou-se um estudo qualitativo do tipo histórias de vida, com recurso a narrativas à cerca da significância atribuída pela mulher cigana à intervenção do EE-ESMO durante o puerpério.
Resultados: Na componente prática foi possível adquirir as competências e cumprir com as experiências mínimas exigidas no decorrer do estágio, tendo sido realizados: 329 exames pré-natais; vigilância e prestação de cuidados a 184 mulheres em trabalho de parto; realização de 40 partos; vigilância e prestação de cuidados a 108 mulheres em situação de risco, durante a gravidez, trabalho de parto ou puerpério; vigilância e cuidados, incluindo exame, a 145 puérperas; vigilância e prestação de cuidados a 133 recém-nascidos normais. Na componente de investigação os resultados obtidos com a realização das entrevistas encontram-se agrupados em 7 categorias: significado de ser mulher cigana; significado de mãe na comunidade cigana; a mulher cigana vivendo o puerpério; a mulher cigana vivendo o puerpério, após a saída da maternidade; vivendo tradições, rituais e costumes ciganos no puerpério; sentimentos vividos pela mulher cigana, no puerpério, decorrentes da intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica e a mulher cigana vivendo os cuidados de saúde durante o puerpério.
Conclusão: Relativamente à primeira parte foi possível obter o número de experiências mínimas exigidas e adquirir as competências necessárias à obtenção do título de enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de saúde materna e obstétrica. Em relação à segunda parte com a realização do estudo conclui-se que para as mulheres ciganas, a maternidade é central na identidade e valorização social, com equidade de género emergente e puerpério com apoio familiar e sofrimento normalizado. O EE-ESMO deverá ter competências culturais e relacionais, livre de estereótipos, respeitando crenças e negociando cuidados seguros, mitigando desigualdades, reforçar redes de suporte e promover cuidados equitativos e culturalmente congruentes e sensíveis.
Palavras-chave: Competência cultural; puerpério; etnia cigana; Enfermeiro Obstetra.
Abstract Background: The Master’s Degree Course in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing – 1st Edition included 36 weeks of clinical placement across the different areas of intervention, during which I developed competencies and met the required minimum number of experiences, with the first part presenting the clinical component and its respective report. The second part covers the research component, consisting of a primary qualitative study on the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing during the puerperium among Roma women. Objectives: In the first part, to acquire new competencies inherent to the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing, developing critical thinking and reflection on practice; in the second part, to understand the meaning attributed by Roma women to the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing (EE-ESMO) during the puerperium. Methodology: Regarding the first part, the clinical placement was carried out in the various areas in order to acquire competencies and meet the required minimum standards. In the second part, a qualitative life-history study was conducted, using narratives to explore the meaning attributed by Roma women to the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing (EE-ESMO) during the puerperium. Results: In the practical component, it was possible to acquire the competencies and fulfill the minimum required experiences during the placement, with the following activities carried out: 329 prenatal examinations; monitoring and provision of care to 184 women in labor; completion of 40 deliveries; monitoring and provision of care to 108 women at risk during pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium; monitoring and care, including examination, of 145 postpartum women; and monitoring and provision of care to 133 normal newborns. In the research component, the results obtained from conducting the interviews are grouped into seven categories: the meaning of being a Roma woman; the meaning of motherhood in the Roma community; the Roma woman experiencing the puerperium; the Roma woman experiencing the puerperium after leaving the maternity hospital; living Roma traditions, rituals, and customs during the puerperium; feelings experienced by the Roma woman during the puerperium resulting from the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing; and the Roma woman experiencing healthcare during the puerperium. Conclusion: Regarding the first part, it was possible to obtain the required minimum number of experiences and acquire the competencies necessary to obtain the title of Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing. Regarding the second part, upon completion of the study, it was concluded that, for Roma women, maternity is central to identity and social valorization, with emerging gender equity and a puerperium characterized by family support and normalized suffering. The Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing (EE-ESMO) should possess cultural and relational competencies, be free from stereotypes, respect beliefs, and negotiate safe care, mitigating inequalities, strengthening support networks, and promoting equitable, culturally congruent, and sensitive care. Keywords: Cultural competence; puerperium; Roma ethnicity; Obstetric Nurse.
Abstract Background: The Master’s Degree Course in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing – 1st Edition included 36 weeks of clinical placement across the different areas of intervention, during which I developed competencies and met the required minimum number of experiences, with the first part presenting the clinical component and its respective report. The second part covers the research component, consisting of a primary qualitative study on the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing during the puerperium among Roma women. Objectives: In the first part, to acquire new competencies inherent to the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing, developing critical thinking and reflection on practice; in the second part, to understand the meaning attributed by Roma women to the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing (EE-ESMO) during the puerperium. Methodology: Regarding the first part, the clinical placement was carried out in the various areas in order to acquire competencies and meet the required minimum standards. In the second part, a qualitative life-history study was conducted, using narratives to explore the meaning attributed by Roma women to the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing (EE-ESMO) during the puerperium. Results: In the practical component, it was possible to acquire the competencies and fulfill the minimum required experiences during the placement, with the following activities carried out: 329 prenatal examinations; monitoring and provision of care to 184 women in labor; completion of 40 deliveries; monitoring and provision of care to 108 women at risk during pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium; monitoring and care, including examination, of 145 postpartum women; and monitoring and provision of care to 133 normal newborns. In the research component, the results obtained from conducting the interviews are grouped into seven categories: the meaning of being a Roma woman; the meaning of motherhood in the Roma community; the Roma woman experiencing the puerperium; the Roma woman experiencing the puerperium after leaving the maternity hospital; living Roma traditions, rituals, and customs during the puerperium; feelings experienced by the Roma woman during the puerperium resulting from the intervention of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing; and the Roma woman experiencing healthcare during the puerperium. Conclusion: Regarding the first part, it was possible to obtain the required minimum number of experiences and acquire the competencies necessary to obtain the title of Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing. Regarding the second part, upon completion of the study, it was concluded that, for Roma women, maternity is central to identity and social valorization, with emerging gender equity and a puerperium characterized by family support and normalized suffering. The Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Nursing (EE-ESMO) should possess cultural and relational competencies, be free from stereotypes, respect beliefs, and negotiate safe care, mitigating inequalities, strengthening support networks, and promoting equitable, culturally congruent, and sensitive care. Keywords: Cultural competence; puerperium; Roma ethnicity; Obstetric Nurse.
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Palavras-chave
Competência cultural Enfermagem obstétrica Entrevista como assunto Gestante Grupo étnico Roma Mulher Puerpério - psicologia Cultural competency Interview as topic Obstetric nursing Postpartum period - psychology Pregnant people Romani people Women