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Abstract(s)
A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é uma das ferramentas analíticas mais importantes
disponíveis para fornecer a base científica de soluções de engenharia para a
sustentabilidade. O foco deste estudo foi a ACV de um novo material para utilização em
mobiliário, mais especificamente o painel SimplyCeram, que é um produto do tipo painel
destinado ao uso em bancadas. Foi aplicada a ACV ao painel em questão, em três
diferentes estudos, que envolveram diferentes etapas do ciclo de vida do painel. O
primeiro trata de um estudo do tipo cradle-to-gate, o segundo aplica-se à gestão dos
resíduos da produção, tendo ambos avaliado a etapa de produção, e o terceiro refere-se a
um estudo do tipo cradle-to-grave, que envolveu as etapas de construção, de utilização,
fim de vida e os benefícios e cargas ambientais para além da fronteira do sistema. O
método escolhido para avaliação de impacte em todos os estudos foi o EPD 2018 (EPD
faz referência à Environmental Product Declaration, ou Declaração Ambiental de
Produto - DAP), disponível no software SimaPro PhD e Acidificação, Eutrofização,
Aquecimento Global, Oxidação Fotoquímica, Depleção Abiótica (elementos), Depleção
Abiótica (combustíveis fósseis), Escassez de Água e Depleção da Camada de Ozono
foram as categorias de impacte consideradas, em todos os estudos. No primeiro estudo,
observou-se que os maiores contribuintes para os impactes são os dois materiais plásticos
usados para formar o substrato do painel. A contribuição total do PVC varia de um
mínimo de 39% para Eutrofização e um máximo de 85% para Depleção da Camada de
Ozono, enquanto o poliéster varia de um mínimo de 10% para Depleção da Camada de
Ozono e um máximo de cerca de 46% para Oxidação Fotoquímica. No segundo estudo,
dois cenários de gestão de resíduos foram comparados e observou-se que a reciclagem
dos resíduos gerados na produção do painel diminui os impactes ambientais em todas as
categorias, variando de 101% a 1894%. Porém, quando observados os impactes totais
num 1 m2 de produção de painéis, essa redução não é muito significativa, variando de
0,29% a 27,09%. No terceiro estudo, foi aplicada a ACV do tipo cradle-to-grave ao painel
e foram analisados dois cenários diferentes para a fase de final de vida do produto, um
onde é considerada a deposição em aterro dos resíduos e o segundo cenário onde é
considerado que 70% dos resíduos podem ser recuperados por meio de reciclagem e 30% são
encaminhados para aterro. Observou-se que o processo de fabricação é o principal
contribuinte para a geração de impactes. Também foi demonstrado que a reciclagem dos resíduos no fim de vida dos painéis diminui os impactes ambientais em todas as
categorias, conforme o esperado, com a variação entre 0,2% na Depleção da Camada de
Ozono a 16,6% na Eutrofização.
ABSTRACT Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most important analytical tools available to provide the scientific basis for engineering solutions for sustainability. The focus of this study was the Life Cycle Assessment of a New Material for Use in Furniture – SimplyCeram Panel Case Study, which is a panel-type product intended for use on countertops. The LCA was applied to the panel in question, in three different studies, which involved different stages of the panel's life cycle. The first is a cradle-to-gate study, the second is applied to the management of production waste, both having evaluated the production stage, and the third is a cradle-to-grave study, which involved the stages of construction, use, end of life and environmental benefits and loads beyond the system boundary. The method chosen for impact assessment in all studies was the EPD 2018 (EPD refers to Environmental Product Declaration), available in the SimaPro PhD software and Acidification, Eutrophication, Global Warming, Photochemical Oxidation, Abiotic Depletion (elements), Abiotic Depletion (fossil fuels), Water Scarcity and Ozone Layer Depletion were the impact categories considered in all studies. In the first study, it was observed that the biggest contributors to impacts are the two plastic materials used to form the panel substrate. The total contribution of PVC varies from a minimum of 39% for Eutrophication and a maximum of 85% for Ozone Layer Depletion, while polyester varies from a minimum of 10% for Ozone Layer Depletion and a maximum of about 46 % for Photochemical Oxidation. In the second study, two waste management scenarios were compared, and it was observed that the recycling of waste generated in the panel production reduces the environmental impacts in all categories, ranging from 101% to 1894%. However, when considering the total impacts on a 1 m2 of panel production, this reduction is not very significant, ranging from 0.29% to 27.09%. In the third study, the cradle-to-grave LCA was applied to the panel and two different scenarios were analyzed for the product's end-of-life phase, one where all the waste is send to landfill and the second where 70% of the waste is recycled and 30% is send to landfill. It was observed that the manufacturing process is the main contributor to the generation of impacts. It was also shown that the recycling of waste at the end of life of the panels reduces the environmental impacts in all categories, as expected, with a variation from 0.2% in the Ozone Layer Depletion to 16.6% in Eutrophication.
ABSTRACT Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most important analytical tools available to provide the scientific basis for engineering solutions for sustainability. The focus of this study was the Life Cycle Assessment of a New Material for Use in Furniture – SimplyCeram Panel Case Study, which is a panel-type product intended for use on countertops. The LCA was applied to the panel in question, in three different studies, which involved different stages of the panel's life cycle. The first is a cradle-to-gate study, the second is applied to the management of production waste, both having evaluated the production stage, and the third is a cradle-to-grave study, which involved the stages of construction, use, end of life and environmental benefits and loads beyond the system boundary. The method chosen for impact assessment in all studies was the EPD 2018 (EPD refers to Environmental Product Declaration), available in the SimaPro PhD software and Acidification, Eutrophication, Global Warming, Photochemical Oxidation, Abiotic Depletion (elements), Abiotic Depletion (fossil fuels), Water Scarcity and Ozone Layer Depletion were the impact categories considered in all studies. In the first study, it was observed that the biggest contributors to impacts are the two plastic materials used to form the panel substrate. The total contribution of PVC varies from a minimum of 39% for Eutrophication and a maximum of 85% for Ozone Layer Depletion, while polyester varies from a minimum of 10% for Ozone Layer Depletion and a maximum of about 46 % for Photochemical Oxidation. In the second study, two waste management scenarios were compared, and it was observed that the recycling of waste generated in the panel production reduces the environmental impacts in all categories, ranging from 101% to 1894%. However, when considering the total impacts on a 1 m2 of panel production, this reduction is not very significant, ranging from 0.29% to 27.09%. In the third study, the cradle-to-grave LCA was applied to the panel and two different scenarios were analyzed for the product's end-of-life phase, one where all the waste is send to landfill and the second where 70% of the waste is recycled and 30% is send to landfill. It was observed that the manufacturing process is the main contributor to the generation of impacts. It was also shown that the recycling of waste at the end of life of the panels reduces the environmental impacts in all categories, as expected, with a variation from 0.2% in the Ozone Layer Depletion to 16.6% in Eutrophication.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida Impacte Ambiental Reciclagem Materiais para Bancadas Sustentabilidade