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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Com o aumento da esperança média de vida e do aparecimento de
doenças crónicas, a família/amigos têm um papel importante na continuidade de cuidados,
podendo acarretar problemas físicos, psicológicos, emocionais, sociais e financeiros, que
podem afetar o bem-estar do utente e do próprio cuidador. Assim, o objetivo central consiste
em conhecer o nível de sobrecarga e dificuldades sentido pelo cuidador informal da pessoa
dependente, e os seus determinantes.
Métodos: Este estudo é de natureza quantitativa, descritivo-correlacional e transversal,
com recurso a uma amostra não probabilística, acidental e por conveniência, composta por
71 cuidadores informais, com idades entre os 30 - 80 anos (𝑥̅= 53,73; Dp= 12,001),
maioritariamente do sexo feminino (64,79%), casadas (83,2%), residentes em aldeias
(50,7%) e com uma média de idades de 53,73 anos (Dp= 12,001). O instrumento de colheita
de dados incorporou: Ficha Sociodemográfica; Índice de Barthel; Escala de Apgar Familiar
de Smilkstein; Escala de Apoio Social; Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do
Cuidador Informal e Índice de Avaliação das Dificuldades do Cuidador.
Resultados: Verificou-se, que as caraterísticas sociodemográficas não influenciam a
sobrecarga e dificuldades sentidas pelos cuidadores. No entanto, quanto ao “grau de
dependência nas ABVD’s” e à “perceção do seu estado de saúde”, o grupo de cuidadores
de pessoas com dependência severa ou total e aqueles com menor perceção do seu estado
de saúde, manifestam maiores índices de sobrecarga e dificuldades. Contrariamente, estão
os cuidadores que recebem “apoio financeiro” e “apoio de terceiros quando necessitam de
se ausentar”, que percecionam menor sobrecarga e dificuldades. Respeitante à
“funcionalidade familiar” e “apoio social”, os cuidadores informais integrados em famílias com
disfunção acentuada e baixo apoio social, manifestam maiores índices de sobrecarga e de
dificuldades. Quanto maior são as dificuldades, maior é a sobrecarga sentida pelos
cuidadores.
Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram, a existência de fatores determinantes da
sobrecarga do cuidador, daí a importância duma abordagem multidisciplinar assente em
programas de apoio, acompanhamento e orientação diferenciada destes cuidadores,
realçando a necessidade de aumentar o índice de bem-estar destas pessoas, para poderem
proporcionar, com segurança, cuidados essenciais à pessoa que cuidam, ao mesmo tempo
que possam prevenir quadros de sobrecarga física e psicológica nefastos para a sua saúde.
Certamente, a enfermagem de reabilitação terá aqui um importante papel a fomentar e a
desenvolver.
Palavras-chave: Pessoa dependente; Cuidador informal; Sobrecarga e Dificuldades
Abstract Introduction: With the increase of life expectancy and chronic disease’s emergence, family and friends have a role of extreme importance in the continuity of care. This can lead to physical, psychological, emotional, financial and social problems that can affect the carergiver’s well-being. Thus, the main objective is to identify the level of overburden and difficulties experienced by carers and the variables that influence them. Methods: This study is characterized as being quantitative, descriptive, correlational and transversal, using a non-probabilistic, accidental and convenience sample and comprising 71 informal caregivers, aged between 30 and 80 years (𝑥̅= 53,73; Dp= 12,001), mostly female (64,79%), married (83,2%), village’s residents (83,2%) and with an average age of 53,73% (Dp= 12,001). The data collection instruments included: Barthel Index; Smilkstein’s Family Apgar Scale; Scale of Social Support; Questionnaire of the Evaluation on the Informal Carer’s overburden and Evaluation Index of Carer’s Difficulties. Results: The results showed that sociodemographic characteristics do not influence the overburden and difficulties felt by caregivers. However, as for the "degree of dependence in BADL’s" and the “perception of their health state", the group of caregivers of people with severe or total dependence and those with less understanding of their health state, demonstrates the highest rates of difficulties and overburden. The same situation happens - regarding the "family functionality” and "social support"- when you have informal caregivers in families with severe dysfunction and low social support. On the other hand, there are the caregivers who receive "financial support" and "thirdparty support when they need to leave", which perceives lower overburden and difficulties. The higher difficulties are, the greater the overload experienced by caregivers. Conclusion: the results revealed the existence of crucial factors on caregiver’s overburden, hence the importance of a multidisciplinary approach based on supportive programmes - monitoring and giving personalised guidance to these caregivers - highlighting the need to increase the well-being of these people, so they can safely provide, essential care to the person they’re caring for, preventing at the same time physical and psychological overburden. Certainly, the rehabilitation nursing will have here an important role to promote and develop. Keywords: Dependent person; Informal Carer; Overburden and Difficulties.
Abstract Introduction: With the increase of life expectancy and chronic disease’s emergence, family and friends have a role of extreme importance in the continuity of care. This can lead to physical, psychological, emotional, financial and social problems that can affect the carergiver’s well-being. Thus, the main objective is to identify the level of overburden and difficulties experienced by carers and the variables that influence them. Methods: This study is characterized as being quantitative, descriptive, correlational and transversal, using a non-probabilistic, accidental and convenience sample and comprising 71 informal caregivers, aged between 30 and 80 years (𝑥̅= 53,73; Dp= 12,001), mostly female (64,79%), married (83,2%), village’s residents (83,2%) and with an average age of 53,73% (Dp= 12,001). The data collection instruments included: Barthel Index; Smilkstein’s Family Apgar Scale; Scale of Social Support; Questionnaire of the Evaluation on the Informal Carer’s overburden and Evaluation Index of Carer’s Difficulties. Results: The results showed that sociodemographic characteristics do not influence the overburden and difficulties felt by caregivers. However, as for the "degree of dependence in BADL’s" and the “perception of their health state", the group of caregivers of people with severe or total dependence and those with less understanding of their health state, demonstrates the highest rates of difficulties and overburden. The same situation happens - regarding the "family functionality” and "social support"- when you have informal caregivers in families with severe dysfunction and low social support. On the other hand, there are the caregivers who receive "financial support" and "thirdparty support when they need to leave", which perceives lower overburden and difficulties. The higher difficulties are, the greater the overload experienced by caregivers. Conclusion: the results revealed the existence of crucial factors on caregiver’s overburden, hence the importance of a multidisciplinary approach based on supportive programmes - monitoring and giving personalised guidance to these caregivers - highlighting the need to increase the well-being of these people, so they can safely provide, essential care to the person they’re caring for, preventing at the same time physical and psychological overburden. Certainly, the rehabilitation nursing will have here an important role to promote and develop. Keywords: Dependent person; Informal Carer; Overburden and Difficulties.
Description
Keywords
Efeitos psicossociais da doença Envelhecimento Família Prestadores de cuidados Aging Caregivers Cost of illness Family