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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: O estudo das atitudes do profissional de saúde face ao aleitamento materno
(AM) permite reflectir e fomentar mudanças no comportamento profissional neste âmbito.
Objectivos: Avaliar as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde (enfermeiros e médicos) relativamente
ao AM e identificar se factores sócio-demográticos, profissionais e contextuais influenciam as atitudes
dos profissionais de saúde face ao AM.
Métodos: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, analítico-correlacional, de corte transversal,
constituído por uma amostra de 408 profissionais de saúde que exercem funções na região Norte de
Portugal. Na colheita de dados foi utilizado um questionário que possibilitou caracterizar
sóciodemográfica, profissional e contextualmente o aleitamento dos participantes. Incluímos também
a escala de avaliação das atitudes dos profissionais de saúde face ao AM de MARINHO (2003).
Resultados: Verificamos que 40,2% apresentam atitude positiva face ao AM 35,6% atitude
negativa. As mulheres apresentam melhor atitude em relação às “crenças acerca dos benefícios da
amamentação” “importância/interesse em relação à amamentação” e “aconselhamento geral sobre o
AM”. Os mais novos (≤35 anos) têm pior atitude na “importância/interesse em relação à
amamentação” e melhor atitude “face à decisão de não amamentar”. Os com idade ≥46 anos
apresentam menor atitude no “aconselhamento geral sobre o AM”. Os casados e com filhos têm
melhor atitude face à “importância/interesse em relação à amamentação”. Já os sem filhos e os que
trabalham a nível hospitalar, têm melhor “atitude face à decisão de não amamentar”. Os enfermeiros
têm melhor atitude “face à decisão de não amamentar” e no “aconselhamento geral sobre o AM”. O
ser especialista não influencia a atitude, mas a especialidade na área de saúde materno-infantil
favorece a atitude face à decisão de não amamentar, crenças sobre o aleitamento,
importância/interesse na amamentação e aconselhamento geral sobre o AM. Os profissionais que no
exercício profissional contactam com mulheres que amamentam, têm melhor atitude em relação ao
interesse/importância na amamentação. Os profissionais que frequentaram cursos sobre o AM no
último ano têm melhor atitude “face à decisão de não amamentar”, à “importância/interesse em
relação à amamentação”, e ao “aconselhamento geral sobre o AM”. Os profissionais com menos
experiência profissional (≤5 anos) apresentam uma menor atitude na “importância/interesse em
relação á amamentação”, enquanto os profissionais com mais tempo de exercício profissional (≥21
anos) mostram uma pior atitude em relação ao “aconselhamento geral sobre o AM” e às “atitudes
face à decisão de não amamentar”. Uma experiência prévia agradável com a amamentação
relaciona-se com uma atitude mais positiva no aconselhamento geral sobre o AM, nas crenças sobre
o aleitamento, sobre os benefícios da amamentação e acerca dos obstáculos à amamentação. Os
enfermeiros e médicos que amamentaram os seus filhos durante mais tempo (13-24 meses)
apresentam uma atitude mais positiva em relação ao aconselhamento geral sobre o AM, sendo os
que amamentaram durante menos tempo (1-3 meses) os que mostram as ordenações médias mais
baixas.
Conclusão: Identificar determinados factores que influenciam de forma negativa a atitude dos
profissionais de saúde face ao AM, permite-nos tentar minimizá-los.
Palavras-chave: Atitudes, profissionais de saúde, aleitamento materno.
ABSTRACT Placement: The study of health professionals ‘attitudes towards breastfeeding (BF) allows us to reflect and encourage changes in professional behavior regarding this matter. Objectives: To assess the attitudes of health professionals (doctors and nurses) towards BF and identify if social-demographic, professional and contextual factors that influences the attitudes of health professionals towards BF. Methods: It is a quantitative, descriptive, analytical-correlational, cross-sectional study, with a sample of 408 health professionals working in the North of Portugal. Data collection was performed by means of a questionnaire which allowed the characterization of socio-demographical and professional aspects and contexts of breastfeeding of the participants. The study also includes the assessment scale of health professionals’ attitudes towards BF. Results: The largest percentage of health professionals (40.2 %) has a positive attitude towards BF while 35.6 % show a negative attitude. Women show a more positive attitude towards the "beliefs about the benefits of breastfeeding" the “importance/interest of breastfeeding" and "general counseling about BF". The younger subjects (≤35 years) have a less positive attitude regarding the "importance/interest of breastfeeding", but a positive attitude towards “the decision of not to breastfeed". Older professionals (age ≥46 years) demonstrate a less positive attitude towards "general counseling regarding BF". Married professionals with children show positive attitude towards the "importance/interest of breastfeeding". Conversely, professionals without children and those working in hospitals reveal a more positive attitude towards “the decision of not to breastfeed". Nurses demonstrate a positive attitude towards the “decision of not to breastfeed” and “general counseling about BF”. Generally, being a specialist does not influence attitude, but maternal and child health care specialists tend to favor the attitude towards “the decision of not to breastfeed”, the “beliefs about BF”, the “importance / interest of BF”, and “general counseling about BF”. The professionals who have contact with women who breastfeed during their work have a more positive attitude towards the “interest / importance of breastfeeding”. The professionals who last year attended training courses on BF have the more positive attitude towards the "importance / interest of BF", the “decision of not to breastfeed" and "general counseling about BF”. Professionals with less experience (≤5 years) have a less positive attitude regarding the "importance / interest of BF", while professionals with more professional practice (≥ 21 years) showed a less positive attitude towards “general counseling regarding BF”,” and the “decision of not to breastfeed”. A previous pleasant experience with BF is related to a more positive attitude concerning “general counseling about BF”, “beliefs about breastfeeding and its benefits”, and the obstacles towards BF. The nurses and doctors who breastfed their children longer (13 - 24 months) have a more positive attitude towards “general counseling about BF”, and those who breastfed for a shorter period of time (1-3 months) show the lowest average ranking. Conclusion: Identifying the factors which negatively influence the attitude of health professionals towards BF, allows us to minimize them. Keywords: Attitudes, health professionals, breastfeeding.
ABSTRACT Placement: The study of health professionals ‘attitudes towards breastfeeding (BF) allows us to reflect and encourage changes in professional behavior regarding this matter. Objectives: To assess the attitudes of health professionals (doctors and nurses) towards BF and identify if social-demographic, professional and contextual factors that influences the attitudes of health professionals towards BF. Methods: It is a quantitative, descriptive, analytical-correlational, cross-sectional study, with a sample of 408 health professionals working in the North of Portugal. Data collection was performed by means of a questionnaire which allowed the characterization of socio-demographical and professional aspects and contexts of breastfeeding of the participants. The study also includes the assessment scale of health professionals’ attitudes towards BF. Results: The largest percentage of health professionals (40.2 %) has a positive attitude towards BF while 35.6 % show a negative attitude. Women show a more positive attitude towards the "beliefs about the benefits of breastfeeding" the “importance/interest of breastfeeding" and "general counseling about BF". The younger subjects (≤35 years) have a less positive attitude regarding the "importance/interest of breastfeeding", but a positive attitude towards “the decision of not to breastfeed". Older professionals (age ≥46 years) demonstrate a less positive attitude towards "general counseling regarding BF". Married professionals with children show positive attitude towards the "importance/interest of breastfeeding". Conversely, professionals without children and those working in hospitals reveal a more positive attitude towards “the decision of not to breastfeed". Nurses demonstrate a positive attitude towards the “decision of not to breastfeed” and “general counseling about BF”. Generally, being a specialist does not influence attitude, but maternal and child health care specialists tend to favor the attitude towards “the decision of not to breastfeed”, the “beliefs about BF”, the “importance / interest of BF”, and “general counseling about BF”. The professionals who have contact with women who breastfeed during their work have a more positive attitude towards the “interest / importance of breastfeeding”. The professionals who last year attended training courses on BF have the more positive attitude towards the "importance / interest of BF", the “decision of not to breastfeed" and "general counseling about BF”. Professionals with less experience (≤5 years) have a less positive attitude regarding the "importance / interest of BF", while professionals with more professional practice (≥ 21 years) showed a less positive attitude towards “general counseling regarding BF”,” and the “decision of not to breastfeed”. A previous pleasant experience with BF is related to a more positive attitude concerning “general counseling about BF”, “beliefs about breastfeeding and its benefits”, and the obstacles towards BF. The nurses and doctors who breastfed their children longer (13 - 24 months) have a more positive attitude towards “general counseling about BF”, and those who breastfed for a shorter period of time (1-3 months) show the lowest average ranking. Conclusion: Identifying the factors which negatively influence the attitude of health professionals towards BF, allows us to minimize them. Keywords: Attitudes, health professionals, breastfeeding.
Description
Keywords
Aleitamento materno Atitude do pessoal de saúde Enfermagem materno-infantil Enfermeiros Pessoal de saúde Attitude of health personnel Breast feeding Health personnel Maternal-child nursing Nurses
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu