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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Contexto: A utilização do garrote é uma parte essencial no procedimento de Punção Venosa Periférica (PVP) e pode ser uma fonte para a transmissão cruzada de infeção, originando Infeções Associadas aos Cuidados de Saúde.
Objetivo: Analisar a taxa de contaminação dos garrotes de PVP, em meio hospitalar e os fatores que a influenciam.
Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura baseada nos princípios propostos pelo Cochrane Handbook, utilizando as bases de dados científicas (Pubmed, EBSCO, B-on, Embase e Scielo), os estudos foram selecionados de acordo com a técnica PI[C]OD e o limite temporal estabelecido foi de janeiro de 2000 a abril de 2017.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 15 estudos, envolvendo 1094 garrotes e 354 profissionais de saúde. A taxa de contaminação por microrganismos potencialmente patogénicos variou desde 5% a 89% e por microrganismos multirresistentes entre 0% e 42%. Em 7 estudos, 100% dos garrotes apresentaram crescimento de colónias viáveis. Os fatores que influenciaram a taxa de contaminação foram: “tipo de garrote”, “unidade hospitalar” e “existência de protocolos de utilização dos garrotes”.
Conclusões: Os garrotes reutilizados na PVP em meio hospitalar constituem fómites e colocam os doentes em risco de infeção cruzada. Para reduzir o risco de infeção, são recomendados garrotes de uso único e precauções básicas de controlo de infeção.
Palavras-chave: garrotes, punção venosa periférica, infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde; fómites.
Abstract Background: Tourniquet use is an essential part of venipuncture procedure and it may be a source for cross-infection, leading to Healthcare Associated Infections. Aim: To analyze venipuncture tourniquets contamination rate in hospital setting and its influence factors. Methods: A systematic literature review, based on the principles proposed by the Cochrane Handbook, using the scientific databases (Pubmed, EBSCO, B-on, Embase and Scielo), was carried out, the studies were selected according to the PI[C]OD technic and the time limit established was from January 2000 to April 2017. Results: Fifteen studies were included, involving 1094 tourniquets and 354 healthcare professionals. The contamination rate by potentially pathogenic microorganisms ranged from 5% to 89% and by multiresistant microorganisms from 0% to 42%. In 7 studies, 100% of the tourniquets presented viable colony growth. The factors that influenced the contamination rate were: "tourniquets type", "hospital unit" and "tourniquets protocols". Conclusions: Venipuncture reusable tourniquets act as fomites in hospital settings and place patients at cross infection risk. To reduce the infection risk, single-use tourniquets and basic infection control precautions are recommended. Descriptors: tourniquets, peripheral venipuncture, healthcare associated infections; fomites.
Abstract Background: Tourniquet use is an essential part of venipuncture procedure and it may be a source for cross-infection, leading to Healthcare Associated Infections. Aim: To analyze venipuncture tourniquets contamination rate in hospital setting and its influence factors. Methods: A systematic literature review, based on the principles proposed by the Cochrane Handbook, using the scientific databases (Pubmed, EBSCO, B-on, Embase and Scielo), was carried out, the studies were selected according to the PI[C]OD technic and the time limit established was from January 2000 to April 2017. Results: Fifteen studies were included, involving 1094 tourniquets and 354 healthcare professionals. The contamination rate by potentially pathogenic microorganisms ranged from 5% to 89% and by multiresistant microorganisms from 0% to 42%. In 7 studies, 100% of the tourniquets presented viable colony growth. The factors that influenced the contamination rate were: "tourniquets type", "hospital unit" and "tourniquets protocols". Conclusions: Venipuncture reusable tourniquets act as fomites in hospital settings and place patients at cross infection risk. To reduce the infection risk, single-use tourniquets and basic infection control precautions are recommended. Descriptors: tourniquets, peripheral venipuncture, healthcare associated infections; fomites.
Description
Keywords
Cateterização periférica Fomites Infecção cruzada Revisão Torniquetes Catheterization peripheral Cross infection Review Tourniquets