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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Foi realizada uma análise dos dados relativos à qualidade do ar disponibilizados pela
Câmara Municipal de Lisboa relativos à Rede de Monitorização de Parâmetros
Ambientais da CML, bem como os dados disponibilizados pela Agência Portuguesa do
Ambiente relativos à Rede de Referência, com o intuito de caracterizar a qualidade do ar
na cidade de Lisboa, no ano de 2022, identificando hotspots de poluição e relacionando a
concentração dos poluentes com possíveis fontes.
Previamente à análise da qualidade do ar da cidade de Lisboa foi avaliado o
desempenho, no ano de 2022, das estações portáteis utilizadas na Rede de Monitorização
de Parâmetros Ambientais da CML por comparação direta dos valores medidos pelas
estações da Rede de Referência da Avenida da Liberdade, de Entrecampos, de Santa Cruz
de Benfica e de Olivais situadas nos mesmos locais. Para esta análise foram utilizados os
dados em bruto (sem qualquer tratamento de eliminação ou validação dos mesmos).
Para as PM10 foi analisada a regressão linear dos valores diários tendo sido obtidos os
seguintes resultados de coeficiente de determinação: R
2
de 0,75 para a estação da Avenida
da Liberdade; R
2
de 0,59 para a estação de Entrecampos; R2
de 0,61 para a estação de
Benfica e R
2
de 0,62 para a estação dos Olivais. Foi também realizada a análise de
incerteza máxima, tendo-se verificado que, para as estações da Avenida da
Liberdade/Entrecampos/Benfica/Olivais: 97/93/93/98% dos valores diários medidos pela
estação da rede indicativa se encontram dentro do intervalo de referência, ao considerar
simultaneamente o valor de incerteza máxima permitido para medições fixas e o valor de
incerteza máxima para medições indicativas.
Para o NO2 foi analisada a regressão linear dos valores horários tendo sido obtidos os
seguintes resultados de coeficiente de determinação: R
2
de 0,88 para a estação da Avenida
da Liberdade; R
2
de 0,70 para a estação de Entrecampos; R
2
de 0,53 para a estação de
Benfica e R
2
de 0,84 para a estação dos Olivais. Foi também realizada a análise de
incerteza máxima, tendo-se verificado que, para as estações da Avenida da
Liberdade/Entrecampos/Benfica/Olivais: 61/34/56/61% dos valores diários medidos pela
estação da rede indicativa se encontram dentro do intervalo de referência, ao considerar
simultaneamente o valor de incerteza máxima permitido para medições fixas e o valor de
incerteza máxima para medições indicativas.
A análise da qualidade do ar, no ano de 2022, nas estações de referência da cidade de
Lisboa, permitiu verificar que apenas foi ultrapassado o valor limite de proteção da saúde humana para o NO2 na estação da Avenida da Liberdade. A análise dos dados recolhidos
por 36 estações estudadas, pertencentes à Rede de Monitorização de Parâmetros
Ambientais da CML permitiu identificar a ultrapassagem do valor limite de proteção da
saúde humana para o NO2 em 6 locais na zona da Baixa de Lisboa.
Para as PM10 nas 36 estações estudadas, pertencentes à Rede de Monitorização de
Parâmetros Ambientais da CML, à semelhança do que se verificou nas estações de
referência, para o ano de 2022, não foi verificada a ultrapassagem ao valor limites de
proteção da saúde humana. A análise dos dados recolhidos pelas 36 estações permitiu
identificar zonas da cidade, sobretudo na Baixa e Moscavide, em que a concentração de
PM10 foi mais elevada designadamente na Avenida de Ceuta, Rua da Atalaia, Rua dos
Lusíadas, Rua Sá Nogueira, Rua Ilha dos Amores e Rua Chen He e Rua Vasco da Gama
Fernandes.
Relativamente à Rede de Monitorização de Parâmetros Ambientais da CML verifica se que, mesmo com as limitações apontadas, esta é uma mais valia como complemento à
Rede de Estações de Referência, na medida em que permite mapear a qualidade do ar na
cidade a uma escala de maior pormenor em alternativa aos estudos pontuais realizados
com recurso a difusores passivos ou campanhas de curta duração realizadas com estações
móveis dotadas de equipamentos de referência. No entanto, para a melhoria do
desempenho da Rede recomenda-se um aumento da frequência de manutenção realizada
nas estações da Rede. Recomenda-se, também, de modo a garantir o bom funcionamento
de todas as estações da Rede, que a localização das estações portáteis deve ser rotativa,
sendo que todas devem ser periodicamente colocadas junto a estações de referência, para
que o seu desempenho possa ser avaliado e se proceda às ações de manutenção e
calibração necessárias. Identificou-se também a necessidade de os dados disponibilizados
no Portal da CM de Lisboa serem validados e disponibilizados após essa mesma validação
de forma a serem eliminados os dados espúrios ou em períodos de mau funcionamento
de uma dada estação.
ABSTRACT: An analysis was carried out of the air quality data provided by the Lisbon City Council for the CML Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network, as well as the data provided by the Portuguese Environment Agency for the Reference Network, in order to characterize the air quality in the city of Lisbon in 2022, identifying pollution hotspots and relating the concentration of pollutants to possible sources. Before analyzing the air quality of the city of Lisbon, the performance of the portable stations used in CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network was evaluated in 2022 by directly comparing the values measured by the Avenida da Liberdade, Entrecampos, Santa Cruz de Benfica and Olivais Reference Network stations located in the same places. The raw data (without any elimination or validation treatment) was used for this analysis. For PM10, the linear regression of daily values was analyzed and the following coefficient of determination results were obtained: R2 of 0.75 for the Avenida da Liberdade station; R2 of 0.59 for the Entrecampos station; R2 of 0.61 for the Benfica station and R2 of 0.62 for the Olivais station. The maximum uncertainty analysis was also carried out and found that, for the Avenida da Liberdade/Entrecampos/Benfica/Olivais stations: 97/93/93/98% of the daily values measured by the indicative network station are within the reference range, when considering both the maximum uncertainty value allowed for fixed measurements and the maximum uncertainty value for indicative measurements. For NO2, the linear regression of hourly values was analyzed and the following coefficient of determination results were obtained: R2 of 0.88 for the Avenida da Liberdade station; R2 of 0.70 for the Entrecampos station; R2 of 0.53 for the Benfica station and R2 of 0.84 for the Olivais station. The maximum uncertainty analysis was also carried out and found that, for the Avenida da Liberdade/Entrecampos/Benfica/Olivais stations: 61/34/56/61% of the daily values measured by the indicative network station are within the reference range, when considering both the maximum uncertainty value allowed for fixed measurements and the maximum uncertainty value for indicative measurements. The analysis of air quality in 2022 at the reference stations in the city of Lisbon showed that the limit value for protecting human health for NO2 was only exceeded at the Avenida da Liberdade station. Analysis of the data collected by 36 stations belonging to CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network revealed that the limit value for protecting human health for NO2 was exceeded at 6 locations in the downtown area of Lisbon. For PM10 at the 36 stations studied, which belong to CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network, as was the case with the reference stations, for the year 2022, there were no exceedances of the limit values for protecting human health. The analysis of the data collected by the 36 stations made it possible to identify areas of the city, especially in Baixa and Moscavide, where the concentration of PM10 was highest, namely Avenida de Ceuta, Rua da Atalaia, Rua dos Lusíadas, Rua Sá Nogueira, Rua Ilha dos Amores and Rua Chen He and Rua Vasco da Gama Fernandes. Considering the performance of the stations in the indicative network determined in this study, it is clear that there is a need to improve the performance of the stations, specifically through more maintenance and calibration actions. On the other hand, it is also concluded that these stations are close to the expected performance for this type of station. With regard to CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network, even with the limitations pointed out, it is an asset as a complement to the Reference Stations Network, in that it makes it possible to map the city's air quality on a more detailed scale, as an alternative to one-off studies carried out using passive diffusers or short-term campaigns carried out with mobile stations equipped with reference equipment. However, in order to improve the Network's performance, it is recommended to increase the frequency of maintenance carried out on the Network's stations. It is also recommended that, in order to ensure the proper functioning of all the Network's stations, the location of the portable stations should be rotated, and all of them should be periodically placed next to reference stations so that their performance can be assessed and the necessary maintenance and calibration actions carried out. It was also identified that the data made available on the CM de Lisboa Portal should be validated and made available after validation in order to eliminate spurious data or data from periods when a given station is malfunctioning.
ABSTRACT: An analysis was carried out of the air quality data provided by the Lisbon City Council for the CML Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network, as well as the data provided by the Portuguese Environment Agency for the Reference Network, in order to characterize the air quality in the city of Lisbon in 2022, identifying pollution hotspots and relating the concentration of pollutants to possible sources. Before analyzing the air quality of the city of Lisbon, the performance of the portable stations used in CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network was evaluated in 2022 by directly comparing the values measured by the Avenida da Liberdade, Entrecampos, Santa Cruz de Benfica and Olivais Reference Network stations located in the same places. The raw data (without any elimination or validation treatment) was used for this analysis. For PM10, the linear regression of daily values was analyzed and the following coefficient of determination results were obtained: R2 of 0.75 for the Avenida da Liberdade station; R2 of 0.59 for the Entrecampos station; R2 of 0.61 for the Benfica station and R2 of 0.62 for the Olivais station. The maximum uncertainty analysis was also carried out and found that, for the Avenida da Liberdade/Entrecampos/Benfica/Olivais stations: 97/93/93/98% of the daily values measured by the indicative network station are within the reference range, when considering both the maximum uncertainty value allowed for fixed measurements and the maximum uncertainty value for indicative measurements. For NO2, the linear regression of hourly values was analyzed and the following coefficient of determination results were obtained: R2 of 0.88 for the Avenida da Liberdade station; R2 of 0.70 for the Entrecampos station; R2 of 0.53 for the Benfica station and R2 of 0.84 for the Olivais station. The maximum uncertainty analysis was also carried out and found that, for the Avenida da Liberdade/Entrecampos/Benfica/Olivais stations: 61/34/56/61% of the daily values measured by the indicative network station are within the reference range, when considering both the maximum uncertainty value allowed for fixed measurements and the maximum uncertainty value for indicative measurements. The analysis of air quality in 2022 at the reference stations in the city of Lisbon showed that the limit value for protecting human health for NO2 was only exceeded at the Avenida da Liberdade station. Analysis of the data collected by 36 stations belonging to CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network revealed that the limit value for protecting human health for NO2 was exceeded at 6 locations in the downtown area of Lisbon. For PM10 at the 36 stations studied, which belong to CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network, as was the case with the reference stations, for the year 2022, there were no exceedances of the limit values for protecting human health. The analysis of the data collected by the 36 stations made it possible to identify areas of the city, especially in Baixa and Moscavide, where the concentration of PM10 was highest, namely Avenida de Ceuta, Rua da Atalaia, Rua dos Lusíadas, Rua Sá Nogueira, Rua Ilha dos Amores and Rua Chen He and Rua Vasco da Gama Fernandes. Considering the performance of the stations in the indicative network determined in this study, it is clear that there is a need to improve the performance of the stations, specifically through more maintenance and calibration actions. On the other hand, it is also concluded that these stations are close to the expected performance for this type of station. With regard to CML's Environmental Parameters Monitoring Network, even with the limitations pointed out, it is an asset as a complement to the Reference Stations Network, in that it makes it possible to map the city's air quality on a more detailed scale, as an alternative to one-off studies carried out using passive diffusers or short-term campaigns carried out with mobile stations equipped with reference equipment. However, in order to improve the Network's performance, it is recommended to increase the frequency of maintenance carried out on the Network's stations. It is also recommended that, in order to ensure the proper functioning of all the Network's stations, the location of the portable stations should be rotated, and all of them should be periodically placed next to reference stations so that their performance can be assessed and the necessary maintenance and calibration actions carried out. It was also identified that the data made available on the CM de Lisboa Portal should be validated and made available after validation in order to eliminate spurious data or data from periods when a given station is malfunctioning.
Description
Keywords
Qualidade do Ar em Lisboa Medições Indicativas Sistemas de Sensores de Baixo Custo Poluição Atmosférica