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Perceção do enfermeiro obstetra sobre a promoção do cuidado humano no parto verticalizado
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Introdução: O presente relatório foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Unidade Curricular “Estágio com Relatório Final”, inserida no 1.º Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, da Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu. Estrutura-se em duas vertentes principais: uma componente clínica e uma componente de investigação. A componente clínica integra uma análise crítica e reflexiva do percurso formativo realizado em diferentes contextos de estágio, sustentada na evidência científica, de acordo com os normativos da Ordem dos Enfermeiros e das diretivas europeias, bem como o impacto das experiências vividas no desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. A componente de investigação refere-se ao estudo intitulado “Perceção do enfermeiro obstetra sobre a promoção do cuidado humano no parto verticalizado”. Objetivos: Na componente clínica, relatar o desenvolvimento de uma prática baseada na evidência, de caráter crítico-reflexivo das atividades e de competências comuns e específicas em enfermagem de saúde materna e obstétrica. Na componente de investigação, identificar a perceção do Enfermeiro obstetra sobre a promoção do cuidado humano no parto verticalizado e obstáculos ao parto verticalizado. Metodologia: A componente clínica segue uma análise reflexiva das experiências vivenciadas ao longo dos estágios realizados em diferentes contextos da saúde materna e obstétrica. A componente de investigação corresponde a um estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritiva e correlacional de coorte transversal. Aplicação de questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional e duas escalas constituídas para o efeito, uma escala para avaliar a perceção do enfermeiro ESMO sobre o parto verticalizado, e outra para avaliar os obstáculos ao parto verticalizado, disponível no link da Comissão europeia, no EU Survey Resultados: A componente clínica permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências especializadas na prestação de cuidados à mulher, ao recém-nascido e à família ao longo do ciclo gravídico-puerperal, bem como no desenvolvimento de atividades de promoção da saúde, gestão de cuidados, melhoria contínua da qualidade e prática baseada na evidência. A componente de investigação possibilitou o desenvolvimento e a validação da Escala de Perceção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica sobre a Promoção do Cuidado Humano no Parto Verticalizado, identificando uma perceção globalmente favorável dos EE-ESMO relativamente ao parto verticalizado, embora persistam barreiras relacionadas com a formação, a organização dos cuidados e a medicalização do parto. Conclusão: A realização deste relatório permitiu o desenvolvimento e a consolidação de competências para o exercício profissional como EE-ESMO, sustentadas na reflexão crítica, na evidência científica e na prestação de cuidados humanizados e centrados na mulher e na família. A escala desenvolvida constitui um instrumento válido e fiável para avaliar a perceção dos EE-ESMO sobre a promoção do cuidado humano no parto verticalizado. É importante investir-se mais na formação contínua e na implementação de estratégias organizacionais que favoreçam a adoção de práticas baseadas na evidência e a promoção do parto fisiológico. Palavras-chave: Enfermeiro obstetra; cuidado humanizado; parto verticalizado.
Abstract Introduction: This report was developed within the curricular unit Clinical Placement with Final Report, as part of the first Master's Degree in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing at the Viseu School of Health. It is structured into two main components: a clinical component and a research component. The clinical component comprises a critical and reflective analysis of the learning pathway undertaken across different clinical placement settings, supported by scientific evidence, the regulations of the Portuguese Order of Nurses, and European directives, highlighting the impact of these experiences on personal and professional development. The research component refers to the study entitled Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's Perceptions of the Promotion of Humanised Care in Upright Birth. Objectives: The clinical component aimed to critically and reflectively describe the development of evidence-based practice, the activities undertaken, and the acquisition of common and specialist competencies in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. The research component aimed to identify Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's perceptions of the promotion of humanised care in upright birth and the barriers to its implementation. Methods: The clinical component is based on a reflective analysis of the experiences gained during clinical placements undertaken in different maternal and obstetric healthcare settings. The research component consisted of a quantitative, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and professional questionnaire and two scales specifically developed for this study: one assessing Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's perceptions of the promotion of humanised care in upright birth and another assessing barriers to upright birth. The questionnaire was administered through the European Commission's EU Survey platform. Results: The clinical component enabled the development of specialist competencies in providing care to women, newborns, and families throughout the childbearing continuum, as well as competencies in health promotion, care management, continuous quality improvement, and evidence-based practice. The research component led to the development and validation of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing Perception Scale on the Promotion of Humanised Care in Upright Birth. Participants demonstrated an overall favourable perception of upright birth, although barriers related to professional training, organisational factors, and the medicalisation of childbirth remain. Conclusion: The completion of this report contributed to the development and consolidation of the competencies required for professional practice as a Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing, grounded in critical reflection, scientific evidence, and the provision of humanised, woman- and family-centred care. The scale developed proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's perceptions of the promotion of humanised care in upright birth. The findings highlight the need to strengthen continuing professional education and implement organisational strategies that support evidence-based practice and promote physiological childbirth. Keywords: Midwife; humanised care; upright birth.
Abstract Introduction: This report was developed within the curricular unit Clinical Placement with Final Report, as part of the first Master's Degree in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing at the Viseu School of Health. It is structured into two main components: a clinical component and a research component. The clinical component comprises a critical and reflective analysis of the learning pathway undertaken across different clinical placement settings, supported by scientific evidence, the regulations of the Portuguese Order of Nurses, and European directives, highlighting the impact of these experiences on personal and professional development. The research component refers to the study entitled Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's Perceptions of the Promotion of Humanised Care in Upright Birth. Objectives: The clinical component aimed to critically and reflectively describe the development of evidence-based practice, the activities undertaken, and the acquisition of common and specialist competencies in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. The research component aimed to identify Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's perceptions of the promotion of humanised care in upright birth and the barriers to its implementation. Methods: The clinical component is based on a reflective analysis of the experiences gained during clinical placements undertaken in different maternal and obstetric healthcare settings. The research component consisted of a quantitative, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and professional questionnaire and two scales specifically developed for this study: one assessing Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's perceptions of the promotion of humanised care in upright birth and another assessing barriers to upright birth. The questionnaire was administered through the European Commission's EU Survey platform. Results: The clinical component enabled the development of specialist competencies in providing care to women, newborns, and families throughout the childbearing continuum, as well as competencies in health promotion, care management, continuous quality improvement, and evidence-based practice. The research component led to the development and validation of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing Perception Scale on the Promotion of Humanised Care in Upright Birth. Participants demonstrated an overall favourable perception of upright birth, although barriers related to professional training, organisational factors, and the medicalisation of childbirth remain. Conclusion: The completion of this report contributed to the development and consolidation of the competencies required for professional practice as a Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing, grounded in critical reflection, scientific evidence, and the provision of humanised, woman- and family-centred care. The scale developed proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing Specialist Nurses in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing's perceptions of the promotion of humanised care in upright birth. The findings highlight the need to strengthen continuing professional education and implement organisational strategies that support evidence-based practice and promote physiological childbirth. Keywords: Midwife; humanised care; upright birth.
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Palavras-chave
Enfermagem obstétrica Parto Parto obstétrico - métodos Posicionamento do paciente Promoção da saúde Delivery obstetric - methods Health promotion Obstetric nursing Parturition Patient positioning