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Introdução: A enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica implica a prestação de cuidados altamente diferenciados, dirigidos a indivíduos com risco real ou potencial de falência de funções vitais. Neste contexto, a complexidade assistencial, associada a constrangimentos organizacionais e humanos, pode comprometer a prestação integral dos cuidados, conduzindo à ocorrência de cuidados de enfermagem omissos. Este fenómeno assume particular relevância nas unidades de cuidados intensivos, pela sua associação a resultados adversos e à qualidade dos cuidados prestados.
Objetivo: O presente relatório tem como objetivo desenvolver uma análise crítico-reflexiva do percurso formativo realizado, evidenciando as competências adquiridas em contexto de estágio, bem como apresentar a componente de investigação desenvolvida. Esta centra-se na identificação dos fatores associados à ocorrência de cuidados omissos de enfermagem em unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos.
Métodos: O trabalho encontra-se estruturado em duas partes. A primeira integra o enquadramento e análise das competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, desenvolvidas em contexto de urgência e cuidados intensivos. A segunda corresponde à componente de investigação, desenvolvida através de uma revisão scoping intitulada: “Motivos para cuidados omissos de enfermagem em unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos”. Os métodos adotados seguiram os princípios das revisões scoping, permitindo mapear a evidência disponível sobre o fenómeno.
Resultados: A análise da evidência permitiu identificar múltiplos fatores associados à ocorrência de cuidados omissos, destacando-se a carga de trabalho, a escassez de recursos humanos, a complexidade clínica, a comunicação ineficaz e constrangimentos organizacionais. Os cuidados omissos demonstram impacto significativo na segurança da pessoa, na qualidade dos cuidados e nos resultados em saúde, assumindo-se como um indicador sensível à prática de enfermagem.
Conclusão: O percurso formativo permitiu consolidar competências especializadas fundamentais para a prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica. A compreensão dos fatores associados aos cuidados omissos reforça a importância da liderança clínica, da gestão adequada de recursos e da implementação de estratégias organizacionais que promovam a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados. Os cuidados omissos emergem como um fenómeno multifatorial, exigindo uma abordagem integrada que articule práticas clínicas, gestão e políticas de saúde.
Palavras-chave: Cuidados omissos; enfermagem; cuidados intensivos; pessoa em situação crítica; revisão scoping.
Abstract Introduction: Nursing care for critically ill patients involves highly specialized interventions directed at individuals with actual or potential life-threatening conditions. In this context, the complexity of care, combined with organizational and human constraints, may compromise the delivery of comprehensive nursing care, leading to the occurrence of missed nursing care. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in adult intensive care units, given its association with adverse patient outcomes and the overall quality of care. Objective: This report aims to develop a critical-reflective analysis of the clinical training pathway, highlighting the competencies acquired during the internship, as well as to present the research component undertaken. The study focuses on identifying factors associated with missed nursing care in adult intensive care units. Methods: The report is structured into two parts. The first part includes the framework and analysis of common and specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing, developed in emergency and intensive care settings. The second part presents the research component, conducted through a scoping review entitled: “Reasons for missed nursing care in adult intensive care units”. The adopted methods follows the principles of scoping reviews, aiming to map the available evidence on this phenomenon. Results: The analysis of the evidence identified multiple factors associated with missed nursing care, including workload, staffing shortages, patient complexity, ineffective communication, and organizational constraints. Missed nursing care has a significant impact on patient safety, quality of care, and health outcomes, emerging as a sensitive indicator of nursing practice. Conclusion: The clinical training pathway allowed the consolidation of specialized competencies essential for the provision of safe, ethical, and evidence-based care to critically ill patients. Understanding the factors associated with missed nursing care highlights the importance of clinical leadership, effective resource management, and the implementation of organizational strategies aimed at improving quality and safety. Missed nursing care emerges as a multifactorial phenomenon, requiring an integrated approach that articulates clinical practice, management, and health policies. Keywords: Missed nursing care; nursing; intensive care; critically ill patient; scoping review.
Abstract Introduction: Nursing care for critically ill patients involves highly specialized interventions directed at individuals with actual or potential life-threatening conditions. In this context, the complexity of care, combined with organizational and human constraints, may compromise the delivery of comprehensive nursing care, leading to the occurrence of missed nursing care. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in adult intensive care units, given its association with adverse patient outcomes and the overall quality of care. Objective: This report aims to develop a critical-reflective analysis of the clinical training pathway, highlighting the competencies acquired during the internship, as well as to present the research component undertaken. The study focuses on identifying factors associated with missed nursing care in adult intensive care units. Methods: The report is structured into two parts. The first part includes the framework and analysis of common and specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing, developed in emergency and intensive care settings. The second part presents the research component, conducted through a scoping review entitled: “Reasons for missed nursing care in adult intensive care units”. The adopted methods follows the principles of scoping reviews, aiming to map the available evidence on this phenomenon. Results: The analysis of the evidence identified multiple factors associated with missed nursing care, including workload, staffing shortages, patient complexity, ineffective communication, and organizational constraints. Missed nursing care has a significant impact on patient safety, quality of care, and health outcomes, emerging as a sensitive indicator of nursing practice. Conclusion: The clinical training pathway allowed the consolidation of specialized competencies essential for the provision of safe, ethical, and evidence-based care to critically ill patients. Understanding the factors associated with missed nursing care highlights the importance of clinical leadership, effective resource management, and the implementation of organizational strategies aimed at improving quality and safety. Missed nursing care emerges as a multifactorial phenomenon, requiring an integrated approach that articulates clinical practice, management, and health policies. Keywords: Missed nursing care; nursing; intensive care; critically ill patient; scoping review.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Causalidade Cuidados de enfermagem - normas Enfermagem médico cirúrgica - normas Erros médicos - enfermagem Motivação Qualidade de cuidados de saúde - normas Revisão scoping Unidades de cuidados intensivos Causality Intensive care units Medical errors - nursing Medical surgical nursing - standards Motivation Nursing care - standards Quality of health care - standards Scoping review
