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Desafios no acesso aos cuidados de saúde de crianças migrantes : Um estudo qualitativo
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Enquadramento: O aumento da multiculturalidade na sociedade portuguesa evidencia a
necessidade de um sistema de saúde capaz de responder adequadamente à diversidade
cultural, particularmente nos cuidados prestados à criança migrante e respetiva família.
Objetivos: Compreender de que forma os Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem de
Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica percecionam e enfrentam as barreiras existentes na prestação de
cuidados a crianças migrantes, bem como identificar estratégias promotoras de cuidados mais
equitativos e culturalmente sensíveis.
Métodos: Desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de natureza qualitativa,
sustentado na metodologia fenomenológica-hermenêutica de van Manen, com parecer
favorável da Comissão de Ética hospitalar. A amostra integrou dez Enfermeiros Especialistas.
A recolha de dados realizou-se através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, orientadas por um
guião previamente elaborado.
Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam que o cuidado à criança migrante permanece
marcado por barreiras linguísticas, culturais, burocráticas e relacionadas com a literacia em
saúde. Os participantes identificam dificuldades na comunicação, acesso aos cuidados e
compreensão das orientações terapêuticas, referindo o recurso frequente à urgência por parte
das famílias migrantes. Destacam ainda estratégias como mediação cultural, utilização de
tradutores e adaptação das práticas profissionais. Sobressaem igualmente desafios
associados à alimentação, burocracia institucional, desinformação e receio das famílias.
Conclusão: O Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica
assume um papel fundamental na promoção de cuidados culturalmente competentes,
humanizados e equitativos, constituindo-se como elemento central na mediação entre o
sistema de saúde e as famílias migrantes.
Palavras-chave: Criança; Emigrantes e Imigrantes; Barreiras ao acesso aos cuidados de
saúde; Enfermagem transcultural; Pesquisa qualitativa.
Abstract Background: The growing multiculturalism in Portuguese society highlights the need for a healthcare system capable of responding appropriately to cultural diversity, particularly in the care provided to migrant children and their families. Objective: To understand how Specialist Nurses in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing perceive and address the barriers existing in the provision of care to migrant children, as well as to identify strategies that promote more equitable and culturally sensitive care. Methodology: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted, based on van Manen’s phenomenological-hermeneutic methodology, with a favorable opinion from the hospital Ethics Committee. The sample included ten Specialist Nurses. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews guided by a previously prepared script. Results: The results show that care for migrant children remains marked by linguistic, cultural, bureaucratic, and health literacy barriers. Participants identified difficulties in communication, access to care, and understanding therapeutic guidance, noting the frequent use of emergency services by migrant families. They also highlighted strategies such as cultural mediation, use of interpreters, and adaptation of professional practices. Additional challenges emerged in relation to nutrition, institutional bureaucracy, misinformation, and family fears. Conclusion: The Specialist Nurse in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing plays a fundamental role in promoting culturally competent, humanized, and equitable care, acting as a central element in mediating between the healthcare system and migrant families. Keywords: Child; Emigrants and Immigrants; Barriers to Health Care Access; Transcultural Nursing; Qualitative Research.
Abstract Background: The growing multiculturalism in Portuguese society highlights the need for a healthcare system capable of responding appropriately to cultural diversity, particularly in the care provided to migrant children and their families. Objective: To understand how Specialist Nurses in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing perceive and address the barriers existing in the provision of care to migrant children, as well as to identify strategies that promote more equitable and culturally sensitive care. Methodology: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted, based on van Manen’s phenomenological-hermeneutic methodology, with a favorable opinion from the hospital Ethics Committee. The sample included ten Specialist Nurses. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews guided by a previously prepared script. Results: The results show that care for migrant children remains marked by linguistic, cultural, bureaucratic, and health literacy barriers. Participants identified difficulties in communication, access to care, and understanding therapeutic guidance, noting the frequent use of emergency services by migrant families. They also highlighted strategies such as cultural mediation, use of interpreters, and adaptation of professional practices. Additional challenges emerged in relation to nutrition, institutional bureaucracy, misinformation, and family fears. Conclusion: The Specialist Nurse in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing plays a fundamental role in promoting culturally competent, humanized, and equitable care, acting as a central element in mediating between the healthcare system and migrant families. Keywords: Child; Emigrants and Immigrants; Barriers to Health Care Access; Transcultural Nursing; Qualitative Research.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde Atitude do pessoal de saúde Barreiras à comunicação Criança Enfermagem transcultural Emigrantes e imigrantes Enfermeiros Attitude of health personnel Child Communication barriers Emigrants and immigrants Health services accessibility Nurses Transcultural nursing