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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: Devido à elevada prevalência de abandono precoce da amamentação,
diversas instituições (e.g., OMS, UNICEF) têm-se preocupado em proteger, promover e
apoiar o aleitamento materno um pouco por todo o mundo, defendendo a sua exclusividade
durante os primeiros seis meses de vida do bebé, complementado a partir dessa idade pela
introdução de alimentos e mantido até aos 2 anos de idade ou mais, se esse for o desejo da
mãe.
Objetivos: Avaliar os conhecimentos das mães sobre a amamentação; identificar as
dificuldades vivenciadas pelas mães em relação à amamentação; analisar a relação entre as
variáveis sociodemográficas e obstétricas das mães e os seus conhecimentos e dificuldades
sobre a amamentação.
Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, analítico, correlacional e de corte transversal,
conduzido numa amostra não probabilística de 100 mães de recém-nascidos e/ou lactentes até
1 ano de vida, internadas no serviço de obstetrícia, neonatologia, pediatria e urgência de uma
Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte do País. As inquiridas tinham idade mínima de 16 e
máxima de 43 anos (M=30,77; Dp=6,356). Foi utilizado um questionário de caraterização
sociodemográfica e um questionário de autorrelato da vivência das mães sobre a
amamentação, desenvolvido por Sousa (2014).
Resultados: Os principais resultados mostraram que 50% das mães consideram possuir bons
conhecimentos relativos à amamentação, porém, apenas 39% foram classificadas com bons
conhecimentos, enquanto 52% revelaram dificuldades elevadas. Os conhecimentos foram
avaliados tendo por base a sinalização correta da importância da amamentação na primeira
hora de vida do bebé por 93% das mães, exclusiva até aos 6 meses (28%), a composição do
leite materno e composição imunológica 93%, a maioria das mães considerou saber identificar
os sinais da pega correta. Relativamente ao horário da amamentação, 62% ainda considera
correto amamentar de três em três horas e 14% defende que o bebé deve mamar 10 minutos
em cada mama. Os conhecimentos relacionaram-se significativamente com as mães com
ensino superior (x2=17,828; p=0,00) e nas que se encontram a amamentar atualmente
(UMW=278,000; p=0,01). As dificuldades mais prevalentes associaram-se às fissuras
(56,4%), ingurgitamento mamário (38,5%), mastite (3,8%), dor (40%) e dificuldade na pega
(60%), tendo-se constatado diferenças estatisticamente significativas associadas ao
ingurgitamento mamário, à mastite e abcesso mamário. Exerce influência nas dificuldades das
mães, ter sido informada pelo obstetra (UMW=324,000; p=0,02) e não ter expectativas na
primeira amamentação (UMW=521,500; p=0,01).
Conclusão: O estudo revela bons conhecimentos globais mas dificuldades elevadas, sendo
estas as comumente referenciadas noutros estudos. Face a isto, mantem-se necessário apoiar
nas dificuldades vividas durante a amamentação, adequando as estratégias de promoção,
proteção e apoio ao AM, para que os resultados possam ser bem-sucedidos.
Palavras-chave: aleitamento materno, conhecimentos, dificuldades.
Abstract Background: Due to the high prevalence of early withdrawal of breastfeeding, various institutions (e.g., who, UNICEF) have been concerned to protect, promote and support breastfeeding around the world, defending its exclusivity for the first six months of the baby's life, supplemented from that age for the introduction of food and kept up to 2 years of age or older If this is the desire of the mother. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of mothers about breastfeeding; identify the difficulties experienced by mothers in relation to breastfeeding; analyze the relationship between mother's socio-demographic variables and their obstetrical knowledge and difficulties about breastfeeding. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, analytical, correlational and cross-section study, conducted on a sample of 100 non-probability mothers of newborns and/or infants up to 1 year of life, admitted at the service of obstetrics, neonatology, paediatrics and urgent need in a Local Health Unit in the North of the country, with a minimum age of 16 years and a maximum of 43 (M=30.77; Dp=6.356). It was used a questionnaire of characterization and a self-report questionnaire socio-demographic, developed by Sousa (2014). Results: The main results showed that 50% of mothers considered possessing good knowledge concerning breastfeeding, however, only 39% were classified with good knowledge, while 52% showed high difficulties. This knowledge was assessed based on the correct signalling importance of breastfeeding in the first hour of baby's life for 93% of mothers, exclusively up to 6 months (28%), the composition of breast milk and immunological composition 93%, most mothers considered to identify the correct handle signals. With regard to the schedule of breastfeeding, 62% still considers correct breastfeeding every 3 hours and 14% said that the baby should breastfeed 10 minutes on each breast. The knowledge related significantly to mothers with higher education (x2=17.828; p=0.00) and who were breast-feeding currently (UMW=278.000; p=0.01). The most prevalent difficulties associated to cracks (56.4%), breast engorgement (38.5%), mastitis (3.8%), pain (40%) and the handle (60%), having observed statistically significant differences associated with breast engorgement, mastitis and breast abscess. Exerted influence on mother's difficulties have been informed by the obstetrician (UMW=324.000; p=0.02) and not having expectations on first lactation (UMW=521.500; p=0.01). Conclusion: The study reveals good knowledge but global difficulties, as commonly referenced in other studies. This keeps necessary to support the difficulties experienced during breastfeeding, adapting the strategies of promoting, protecting and supporting the breastfeeding, so that the results can be successful. Keywords: breastfeeding, knowledge, difficulties.
Abstract Background: Due to the high prevalence of early withdrawal of breastfeeding, various institutions (e.g., who, UNICEF) have been concerned to protect, promote and support breastfeeding around the world, defending its exclusivity for the first six months of the baby's life, supplemented from that age for the introduction of food and kept up to 2 years of age or older If this is the desire of the mother. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of mothers about breastfeeding; identify the difficulties experienced by mothers in relation to breastfeeding; analyze the relationship between mother's socio-demographic variables and their obstetrical knowledge and difficulties about breastfeeding. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, analytical, correlational and cross-section study, conducted on a sample of 100 non-probability mothers of newborns and/or infants up to 1 year of life, admitted at the service of obstetrics, neonatology, paediatrics and urgent need in a Local Health Unit in the North of the country, with a minimum age of 16 years and a maximum of 43 (M=30.77; Dp=6.356). It was used a questionnaire of characterization and a self-report questionnaire socio-demographic, developed by Sousa (2014). Results: The main results showed that 50% of mothers considered possessing good knowledge concerning breastfeeding, however, only 39% were classified with good knowledge, while 52% showed high difficulties. This knowledge was assessed based on the correct signalling importance of breastfeeding in the first hour of baby's life for 93% of mothers, exclusively up to 6 months (28%), the composition of breast milk and immunological composition 93%, most mothers considered to identify the correct handle signals. With regard to the schedule of breastfeeding, 62% still considers correct breastfeeding every 3 hours and 14% said that the baby should breastfeed 10 minutes on each breast. The knowledge related significantly to mothers with higher education (x2=17.828; p=0.00) and who were breast-feeding currently (UMW=278.000; p=0.01). The most prevalent difficulties associated to cracks (56.4%), breast engorgement (38.5%), mastitis (3.8%), pain (40%) and the handle (60%), having observed statistically significant differences associated with breast engorgement, mastitis and breast abscess. Exerted influence on mother's difficulties have been informed by the obstetrician (UMW=324.000; p=0.02) and not having expectations on first lactation (UMW=521.500; p=0.01). Conclusion: The study reveals good knowledge but global difficulties, as commonly referenced in other studies. This keeps necessary to support the difficulties experienced during breastfeeding, adapting the strategies of promoting, protecting and supporting the breastfeeding, so that the results can be successful. Keywords: breastfeeding, knowledge, difficulties.
Description
Keywords
Aleitamento materno Conhecimentos, atitudes e prática em saúde Lactação Leite humano Mãe Motivação Breast feeding Health knowledge Lactation Milk, human Mothers Motivation