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Authors
Abstract(s)
O aumento contínuo do consumo de eletricidade e dos preços dos combustíveis fósseis
tradicionais são um forte incentivo para a necessidade da utilização de péletes como combustível para
aquecimento e produção energética, tanto para uso doméstico quanto para aplicações industriais.
Este trabalho experimental avalia a possibilidade da mistura de combustível sólido derivado de
resíduos (CDR) e pinho (biomassa) para a produção de péletes, com o objetivo de desviar resíduos
urbanos dos aterros sobre-utilizados e saturados e reduzir as emissões de gases com efeito de estufa
produzindo fontes alternativas de energia.
Em termos experimentais foram estudadas principalmente as propriedades térmicas e químicas
de péletes de pinho e CDR, onde estes últimos são obtidos através do tratamento dos rejeitados dos
tratamentos mecânicos e biológicos (MBT) realizados no centro municipal de tratamento de resíduos
sólidos da Associação de Municípios da Região do Planalto Beirão.
Determinou-se o conteúdo da humidade, das cinzas, da matéria volátil e do carbono fixo
presente em cada amostra de péletes preparadas com diferentes misturas de pinho e CDR,
nomeadamente: 100% pinho, 5% CDR:95% pinho, 10% CDR:90% pinho e 15% CDR:85% pinho.
Foi também realizada a análise de alguns elementos com características poluentes, como o
cloro, enxofre e azoto com o método de combustão na bomba calorimétrica, obtendo-se a sua
concentração percentual, para estudar o impacto ambiental ou técnico no processo de combustão das
misturas de péletes preparadas.
Do ponto de vista da avaliação térmica destes combustíveis foi avaliado o poder calorífico
superior também recorrendo ao calorímetro.
O trabalho experimental foi concluído com uma análise das cinzas decorrentes da combustão
das péletes sob avaliação na caldeira doméstica (20 kW) quanto ao seu teor de metais pesados (Pb,
Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr). Desta forma pretendeu-se fazer uma caracterização das cinzas e avaliação da sua
toxicidade.
Verificou-se que as características das péletes produzidas com adição de CDR não apresentavam
características marcadamente diferentes das preparadas apenas com pinheiro. O teor de cloro,
enxofre e azoto, com a adição de 15% de CDR nos péletes, apresentam valores baixos (0,06%, 0,04%,
0,005%) e o poder calorífico superior (PCS) aumentou para 21,02 MJ/kg. A caracterização das cinzas
não apresentou diferenças significativas com a adição de CDR e são classificadas como não perigosas.
ABSTRACT: The continuing increase in the prices of electricity and traditional fossil fuels is a strong incentive for pellets to be more in demand for heating fuel and energy production, both for domestic use and in industry. This paper evaluates the possibility of mixing refuse derived solid fuel (RDF) and pine (biomass) for pellet production, with the aim of diverting waste from saturated landfills and reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced from other energy sources. This study focuses mainly on the thermal and chemical properties of pellets made of pine and RDF, made using a series of mechanical and biological treatments (MBT) carried out at the municipal solid waste treatment centre of the Associação de Municípios da Região do Planalto Beirão. The content of humidity, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon of each sample of pellets was determined. Tests were carried out on different mixes: 100% pine, 5% RDF:95% pine, 10% RDF:90% pine and 15% RDF:85% pine. Tests were also performed for pollutants such as chlorine, sulphur and nitrogen caused by the combustion method in the calorimetric bomb. Concentrations were recorded as a percentage to study the environmental and technical impact in the combustion process. For the thermal evaluation of these fuels, the highest heating value was also measured using the calorimeter. The experimental work was concluded with an analysis of the ash resulting from the combustion of the pellets under evaluation in the domestic boiler (20 kW) for their heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr). In this way, the ash was analysed and its hazardous potential evaluated. It was found that the pellets produced with RDF addition did not exhibit markedly different characteristics from those made only of pine. The content of chlorine, sulphur and nitrogen, with the addition of 15% of RDF in the pellet, shows low values (0.06%, 0.04%, 0.005%) and the highest heating value (HHV) increased to 21.02 MJ/Kg. There was no significant difference between the ash with or without the addition of RDF and it can be classified as non-hazardous.
ABSTRACT: The continuing increase in the prices of electricity and traditional fossil fuels is a strong incentive for pellets to be more in demand for heating fuel and energy production, both for domestic use and in industry. This paper evaluates the possibility of mixing refuse derived solid fuel (RDF) and pine (biomass) for pellet production, with the aim of diverting waste from saturated landfills and reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced from other energy sources. This study focuses mainly on the thermal and chemical properties of pellets made of pine and RDF, made using a series of mechanical and biological treatments (MBT) carried out at the municipal solid waste treatment centre of the Associação de Municípios da Região do Planalto Beirão. The content of humidity, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon of each sample of pellets was determined. Tests were carried out on different mixes: 100% pine, 5% RDF:95% pine, 10% RDF:90% pine and 15% RDF:85% pine. Tests were also performed for pollutants such as chlorine, sulphur and nitrogen caused by the combustion method in the calorimetric bomb. Concentrations were recorded as a percentage to study the environmental and technical impact in the combustion process. For the thermal evaluation of these fuels, the highest heating value was also measured using the calorimeter. The experimental work was concluded with an analysis of the ash resulting from the combustion of the pellets under evaluation in the domestic boiler (20 kW) for their heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr). In this way, the ash was analysed and its hazardous potential evaluated. It was found that the pellets produced with RDF addition did not exhibit markedly different characteristics from those made only of pine. The content of chlorine, sulphur and nitrogen, with the addition of 15% of RDF in the pellet, shows low values (0.06%, 0.04%, 0.005%) and the highest heating value (HHV) increased to 21.02 MJ/Kg. There was no significant difference between the ash with or without the addition of RDF and it can be classified as non-hazardous.
Description
Keywords
RU (resíduos urbanos) TMB (tratamento mecânico-biológico) CDR (combustíveis derivados de resíduos) Pinho Pélete Combustão Análise próxima Análise elementar Cinzas Metais pesados