| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Documento principal | 3.21 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: A taxa de prevalência da amamentação à saída da maternidade é
elevada, no entanto esta decresce ao longo dos meses de vida das crianças, sendo inúmeros os
fatores identificados. O marido, a mãe da lactante e os profissionais de saúde são importantes
no processo de aleitamento materno e na motivação para esta prática. Assim, torna-se
importante a identificação das causas do desmame precoce.
Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, correlacional e
analítico. O tipo de amostragem é não probabilístico por conveniência. Utilizámos como
instrumento de colheita de dados o questionário, aplicado a 271 puérperas, no dia da alta
hospitalar. O questionário permite numa primeira parte fazer a caracterização da amostra em
termos sociodemográficos, profissionais, obstétricos e de vivências anteriores de
amamentação. A segunda parte é constituída por três escalas: a escala de Motivação para
Amamentação de Nelas, Ferreira & Duarte (2008), a escala de Recursos Familiares, cuja
versão Portuguesa é de Serra, Firmino, Ramalheira & Canavarro (1990), e a escala de
Satisfação com o Suporte Social de Pais-Ribeiro (1999).
Resultados: Os resultados revelam uma idade média de 31 anos, sendo que 67,9% tem
idade ≥ 29 anos. A maioria das puérperas é casada ou vive em união de facto, pertence a uma
família nuclear, é de nacionalidade portuguesa, tem uma situação profissional que indica um
emprego integral, o ensino superior é encontrado em 33,2% e reside maioritariamente na
aldeia. A maior parte das inquiridas é mãe pela primeira vez, planeou a gravidez, desejou e
vigiou a gravidez, teve um parto vaginal e de termo. As participantes que tiveram filhos
anteriormente referem ter amamentado e por mais de 3 meses, tendo sido esta uma
experiência agradável. A maioria das mulheres teve contato pele a pele com o bebé quando
este nasceu, iniciou o aleitamento materno nos primeiros 30 minutos, não estipula horários
para amamentar, não introduziu chupeta e refere dificuldades na pega. A amostra estudada
encontra-se motivada para amamentar na dimensão psicossocial e motivação geral. As
puérperas licenciadas têm maior motivação fisiológica. A idade, o estado civil e a zona de
residência não influenciam a motivação geral para a amamentação. As participantes que
tiveram dois ou mais partos anteriores apresentam maior motivação na dimensão cognitiva, no entanto não foi provada a relação entre as outras variáveis obstétricas e a motivação para a
amamentação assim como a sua relação com as variáveis que compõem a história do
aleitamento anterior e atual. A satisfação com as atividades sociais é preditora da motivação
para a amamentação. Os recursos familiares também são preditores da motivação cognitiva,
fisiológica, e nota global. A satisfação com as amizades é preditora da dimensão psicossocial
da motivação, verificando-se que a maior satisfação com as amizades corresponde uma menor
motivação psicossocial para amamentar.
Conclusões: Perante estes resultados, e sabendo da importância que as mulheres
estudadas dão às atividades sociais, é de sugerir a criação de um espaço físico na obstetrícia
onde as mães que apresentem dificuldades na amamentação possam ter o apoio necessário e
durante o tempo necessário.
Palavras-chave: Amamentação, Motivação, Recursos familiares, Satisfação com o
suporte social.
ABSTRACT Framework: The prevalence of breastfeeding outside of motherhood is high; however this decreases over months of life for children, with many factors r identified. Nursing’s husband and mother as well as health professionals are important in the process of breastfeeding and motivation for this practice. Thus, it becomes important to identify the reasons for early weaning. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational analysis. The sampling used was non-probabilistic by convenience. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire administered to 271 mothers on the day of discharge. The first part of the questionnaire allows a characterization of the sample in sociodemographic, professional and obstetric terms, adding previous breastfeeding experiences. The second part consists of three scales: the Motivation Scale for Breastfeeding by Nelas, Duarte & Ferreira (2008), the Family Resources scale, Portuguese version by Serra, Firmino, Ramalheira & Canavarro, (1990) and the Satisfaction scale, with the Social Support of Parents-Ribeiro (1999). Results: The results show an average age of 31, of which 67.9% is ≥ 29. Most of the women are married or living with an unmarried partner, belong to a nuclear family of Portuguese nationality, their professional status indicates full employment, higher education is found in 33.2% and they live mostly in the village. Most respondents are first-time mothers, planned pregnancy, oversaw their wanted pregnancy and had a vaginal delivery at term. Participants who reported having previously had children said they breastfed for more than 3 months, which was a pleasant experience for them. Most women had skin to skin contact with the baby right after birth, started breastfeeding within the first 30 minutes, does not stipulate timetables for breastfeeding, didn’t start pacifiers and reported difficulties due to the baby latching on to the breast incorrectly. The sample studied is motivated to breastfeed in the psychosocial dimension and general motivation. Women graduates have greater physiological motivation. Age, marital status and area of residence do not influence the overall motivation for breastfeeding. The participants who had two or more previous deliveries had more motivation in the cognitive dimension, however it could not be proved a connection between other obstetric variables and the motivation for breastfeeding, as well as a connection with the variables that make up the history of previous and current lactation . Satisfaction with social activities is a predictor of motivation for breastfeeding. The family resources are also predictors of cognitive, physiological motivation and overall score. Satisfaction with friendships is a predictor of psychosocial dimension of motivation, corresponding the greatest satisfaction with friendships to a lower psychosocial motivation to breastfeed. Conclusions: In light of these results and knowing the importance that studied women give to social activities one could suggest the creation of a physical space in obstetrics where mothers who have breastfeeding difficulties may have the necessary support for as long as required. Key words: Breastfeeding, Motivation, Family Resources, Satisfaction with social support.
ABSTRACT Framework: The prevalence of breastfeeding outside of motherhood is high; however this decreases over months of life for children, with many factors r identified. Nursing’s husband and mother as well as health professionals are important in the process of breastfeeding and motivation for this practice. Thus, it becomes important to identify the reasons for early weaning. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational analysis. The sampling used was non-probabilistic by convenience. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire administered to 271 mothers on the day of discharge. The first part of the questionnaire allows a characterization of the sample in sociodemographic, professional and obstetric terms, adding previous breastfeeding experiences. The second part consists of three scales: the Motivation Scale for Breastfeeding by Nelas, Duarte & Ferreira (2008), the Family Resources scale, Portuguese version by Serra, Firmino, Ramalheira & Canavarro, (1990) and the Satisfaction scale, with the Social Support of Parents-Ribeiro (1999). Results: The results show an average age of 31, of which 67.9% is ≥ 29. Most of the women are married or living with an unmarried partner, belong to a nuclear family of Portuguese nationality, their professional status indicates full employment, higher education is found in 33.2% and they live mostly in the village. Most respondents are first-time mothers, planned pregnancy, oversaw their wanted pregnancy and had a vaginal delivery at term. Participants who reported having previously had children said they breastfed for more than 3 months, which was a pleasant experience for them. Most women had skin to skin contact with the baby right after birth, started breastfeeding within the first 30 minutes, does not stipulate timetables for breastfeeding, didn’t start pacifiers and reported difficulties due to the baby latching on to the breast incorrectly. The sample studied is motivated to breastfeed in the psychosocial dimension and general motivation. Women graduates have greater physiological motivation. Age, marital status and area of residence do not influence the overall motivation for breastfeeding. The participants who had two or more previous deliveries had more motivation in the cognitive dimension, however it could not be proved a connection between other obstetric variables and the motivation for breastfeeding, as well as a connection with the variables that make up the history of previous and current lactation . Satisfaction with social activities is a predictor of motivation for breastfeeding. The family resources are also predictors of cognitive, physiological motivation and overall score. Satisfaction with friendships is a predictor of psychosocial dimension of motivation, corresponding the greatest satisfaction with friendships to a lower psychosocial motivation to breastfeed. Conclusions: In light of these results and knowing the importance that studied women give to social activities one could suggest the creation of a physical space in obstetrics where mothers who have breastfeeding difficulties may have the necessary support for as long as required. Key words: Breastfeeding, Motivation, Family Resources, Satisfaction with social support.
Description
Keywords
Aleitamento materno Apoio social Família Motivação Mulher Psicologia Satisfação pessoal Breast feeding Family Motivation Personal satisfaction Psychology Social support Women
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu