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Risco de queda de residentes de uma estrutura residencial para pessoas idosas
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A procura de mais conhecimentos, aquisição e aprimoramento de competências está refletida no presente relatório, onde se descrevem e analisam as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do percurso formativo em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área da Pessoa em Situação Crítica, nomeadamente em contexto de Urgência e em contexto de Cuidados Intensivos. Desenvolveu-se também as competências de investigação, traduzindo-se na realização de um estudo sobre o risco de queda de residentes de uma Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas.
Objetivos: Descrever o percurso formativo nos estágios; refletir criticamente sobre as atividades concretizadas para desenvolver competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área da Pessoa em Situação Crítica; estudar os fatores de risco de queda intrínsecos e extrínsecos.
Métodos: Descritiva, crítico-reflexiva, contendo um estudo, observacional, quantitativo e retrospetivo. A população em estudo foram todos os idosos de uma Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas numa da região Centro de Portugal. Os dados foram recolhidos pela consulta do processo clínico, registados numa grelha elaborada ad hoc.
Resultados: No decorrer da componente teórica do curso, adquiriram-se conhecimentos, aptidões e competências que foram sendo desenvolvidas in loco, resultando numa formação avançada. Desenvolvidas competências na área da investigação através de um estudo sobre o risco de queda. A amostra foi composta por 81 idosos (82,24±11,81 anos de idade), predominantemente feminina (54,3%), com tempo de institucionalização de 4,23±4,27 anos. A polimedicação foi um fator de risco intrínseco observado em todos os idosos, as doenças crónicas (91,4%) e a fraqueza muscular (76,5%). O calçado inadequado (23,5%) e as superfícies escorregadias (13,6%) foram os fatores de risco extrínsecos mais evidentes; 55,6% teve episódio de queda; a maioria apresentou um baixo risco (56,8%), com maior risco para entre os homens.
Conclusão: Os estágios proporcionam uma experiência prática fundamental para o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e de gestão de situações críticas, permitindo aprimorar a capacidade de resposta rápida, avaliação clínica e tomada de decisões em ambientes de alta pressão. O estudo confirmou que os idosos com mais idade, homens e com mais tempo de institucionalização apresentaram maior risco de queda, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas em todas as variáveis analisadas. Entre os fatores de risco extrínsecos, o calçado inadequado mostrou uma forte associação com o risco de queda, reforçando a necessidade de uma intervenção multidisciplinar para prevenir os fatores de risco e melhorar a qualidade de vida desta população.
Palavras-chave: Idosos; Institucionalização; Quedas; Fatores de risco; Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica.
Abstract Introduction: The search for more knowledge and the acquisition and improvement of skills is reflected in this report, which describes and analyzes the activities carried out during the course of training in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of People in Critical Situations, namely in the Emergency and Intensive Care settings. Research skills were also developed, resulting in a study on the risk of falls among residents of a residential facility for the elderly. Objectives: To describe the training pathway in the internships; to critically reflect on the activities carried out in order to develop the common and specific competences of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of the Critically Ill Person; to study the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for falls. Methods: Descriptive, critical-reflective, observational, quantitative and retrospective study. The study population was all the elderly in a Residential Structure for the Elderly in the Central region of Portugal. The data was collected by consulting the clinical file, recorded on a grid drawn up ad hoc. Results: During the theoretical component of the course, knowledge, skills and competencies were acquired that were developed on site, resulting in advanced training. Research skills were developed through a study on the risk of falling. The sample consisted of 81 elderly people (82.24±11.81 years old), predominantly female (54.3%), with a length of institutionalization of 4.23±4.27 years. Polypharmacy was an intrinsic risk factor observed in all the elderly, as were chronic illnesses (91.4%) and muscle weakness (76.5%). Unsuitable footwear (23.5%) and slippery surfaces (13.6%) were the most obvious extrinsic risk factors; 55.6% had had a fall; the majority had a low risk (56.8%), with a higher risk among men. Conclusion: Internships provide fundamental practical experience for the development of technical skills and the management of critical situations, making it possible to improve the capacity for rapid response, clinical assessment and decision-making in high-pressure environments. The study confirmed that older people, men and those who had been institutionalized for longer had a higher risk of falling, with statistically significant differences in all the variables analyzed. Among the extrinsic risk factors, inadequate footwear showed a strong association with the risk of falling, reinforcing the need for multidisciplinary intervention to prevent risk factors and improve the quality of life of this population. Keywords: Elderly; Institutionalization; Falls; Risk factors; Medical-Surgical Nursing.
Abstract Introduction: The search for more knowledge and the acquisition and improvement of skills is reflected in this report, which describes and analyzes the activities carried out during the course of training in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of People in Critical Situations, namely in the Emergency and Intensive Care settings. Research skills were also developed, resulting in a study on the risk of falls among residents of a residential facility for the elderly. Objectives: To describe the training pathway in the internships; to critically reflect on the activities carried out in order to develop the common and specific competences of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of the Critically Ill Person; to study the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for falls. Methods: Descriptive, critical-reflective, observational, quantitative and retrospective study. The study population was all the elderly in a Residential Structure for the Elderly in the Central region of Portugal. The data was collected by consulting the clinical file, recorded on a grid drawn up ad hoc. Results: During the theoretical component of the course, knowledge, skills and competencies were acquired that were developed on site, resulting in advanced training. Research skills were developed through a study on the risk of falling. The sample consisted of 81 elderly people (82.24±11.81 years old), predominantly female (54.3%), with a length of institutionalization of 4.23±4.27 years. Polypharmacy was an intrinsic risk factor observed in all the elderly, as were chronic illnesses (91.4%) and muscle weakness (76.5%). Unsuitable footwear (23.5%) and slippery surfaces (13.6%) were the most obvious extrinsic risk factors; 55.6% had had a fall; the majority had a low risk (56.8%), with a higher risk among men. Conclusion: Internships provide fundamental practical experience for the development of technical skills and the management of critical situations, making it possible to improve the capacity for rapid response, clinical assessment and decision-making in high-pressure environments. The study confirmed that older people, men and those who had been institutionalized for longer had a higher risk of falling, with statistically significant differences in all the variables analyzed. Among the extrinsic risk factors, inadequate footwear showed a strong association with the risk of falling, reinforcing the need for multidisciplinary intervention to prevent risk factors and improve the quality of life of this population. Keywords: Elderly; Institutionalization; Falls; Risk factors; Medical-Surgical Nursing.
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Keywords
Acidentes por quedas Competência profissional Enfermagem médico cirúrgica Fatores de risco Idoso Institucionalização Lares para idosos Accidental falls Aged Homes for the aged Institutionalization Medical surgical nursing Professional competence Risk factors
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