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Adolescência, conhecimento e escolhas sexuais saudáveis
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O presente relatório de estágio foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem - área de Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública, e teve como finalidade descrever e refletir criticamente sobre o desenvolvimento das competências do Enfermeiro Especialista em contexto de Cuidados de Saúde Primários, bem como apresentar o projeto de intervenção comunitária e o estudo de investigação desenvolvido.
O projeto Adolescência, Conhecimento e Escolhas Sexuais Saudáveis foi implementado em contexto escolar, tendo como objetivo promover a literacia em saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos adolescentes através de uma intervenção educativa estruturada. Paralelamente, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, de carácter descritivo e analítico, com avaliação das atitudes sexuais antes e após a intervenção educativa, utilizando um questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Atitudes Sexuais – Versão Adolescentes (EAS-A).
A amostra foi constituída por 34 adolescentes. A consistência interna da EAS-A revelou-se aceitável (α = 0,782), suportando a fiabilidade da sua aplicação nesta população. Os resultados evidenciaram que 33,3% dos participantes referiram já ter iniciado a atividade sexual, com idade média de iniciação de 14,58 ± 1,78 anos, verificando-se utilização inconsistente de métodos contracetivos numa parte dos adolescentes. A pontuação global média da EAS-A foi de 3,24 ± 0,60, permitindo caracterizar as atitudes sexuais da população estudada. A análise estatística realizada permitiu avaliar o impacto da intervenção educativa e explorar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e atitudes sexuais, verificando-se ausência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas em algumas das comparações efetuadas, nomeadamente em função da zona de residência.
Conclui-se que a intervenção desenvolvida reforçou a pertinência da educação para a saúde sexual em contexto escolar e evidenciou a importância do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública na avaliação das necessidades em saúde, no planeamento, implementação e avaliação de intervenções comunitárias baseadas na evidência, contribuindo para a promoção da literacia em saúde e para a capacitação dos adolescentes.
Palavras-chave: Adolescência; Saúde sexual; Literacia em saúde; Educação para a saúde; Enfermagem Comunitária; Promoção da saúde.
Abstract This internship report was developed within the scope of the Master's Degree in Nursing, specializing in Community and Public Health Nursing, and aimed to describe and critically reflect on the development of Specialist Nurse competencies acquired in a Primary Health Care setting, as well as to present the community intervention project and the research study undertaken. The project "Adolescence, Knowledge and Healthy Sexual Choices" was implemented in a school setting with the aim of promoting adolescents' sexual and reproductive health literacy through a structured educational intervention. In parallel, a quantitative, descriptive and analytical study was conducted to assess sexual attitudes before and after the educational intervention using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Sexual Attitudes Scale – Adolescent Version (EAS-A). The sample comprised 34 adolescents. The internal consistency of the EAS-A was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.782), supporting the reliability of its use in this population. The results showed that 33.3% of participants had already initiated sexual activity, with a mean age at sexual debut of 14.58 ± 1.78 years. Inconsistent contraceptive use was also reported by some adolescents. The overall mean EAS-A score was 3.24 ± 0.60, providing a characterization of the sexual attitudes of the study population. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the impact of the educational intervention and to explore the association between sociodemographic variables and sexual attitudes. No statistically significant differences were found in some of the comparisons performed, particularly according to area of residence. It is concluded that the intervention reinforced the relevance of school-based sexual health education and highlighted the important role of the Community and Public Health Nurse Specialist in assessing health needs, planning, implementing and evaluating evidence-based community interventions, thereby contributing to the promotion of health literacy and the empowerment of adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence; Sexual health; Health literacy; Health education; Community Nursing; Health promotion.
Abstract This internship report was developed within the scope of the Master's Degree in Nursing, specializing in Community and Public Health Nursing, and aimed to describe and critically reflect on the development of Specialist Nurse competencies acquired in a Primary Health Care setting, as well as to present the community intervention project and the research study undertaken. The project "Adolescence, Knowledge and Healthy Sexual Choices" was implemented in a school setting with the aim of promoting adolescents' sexual and reproductive health literacy through a structured educational intervention. In parallel, a quantitative, descriptive and analytical study was conducted to assess sexual attitudes before and after the educational intervention using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Sexual Attitudes Scale – Adolescent Version (EAS-A). The sample comprised 34 adolescents. The internal consistency of the EAS-A was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.782), supporting the reliability of its use in this population. The results showed that 33.3% of participants had already initiated sexual activity, with a mean age at sexual debut of 14.58 ± 1.78 years. Inconsistent contraceptive use was also reported by some adolescents. The overall mean EAS-A score was 3.24 ± 0.60, providing a characterization of the sexual attitudes of the study population. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the impact of the educational intervention and to explore the association between sociodemographic variables and sexual attitudes. No statistically significant differences were found in some of the comparisons performed, particularly according to area of residence. It is concluded that the intervention reinforced the relevance of school-based sexual health education and highlighted the important role of the Community and Public Health Nurse Specialist in assessing health needs, planning, implementing and evaluating evidence-based community interventions, thereby contributing to the promotion of health literacy and the empowerment of adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence; Sexual health; Health literacy; Health education; Community Nursing; Health promotion.
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Palavras-chave
Adolescente Competência profissional Educação sexual Enfermagem de saúde comunitária Literacia em saúde Planeamento em saúde Promoção da saúde Saúde sexual Adolescent Community health nursing Health literacy Health planning Health promotion Professional competence Sex education Sexual health