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Enquadramento: A vacinação antitetânica mantém-se uma prioridade de saúde pública em populações envelhecidas e institucionalizadas, onde coexistem maior vulnerabilidade clínica, feridas crónicas e possíveis lacunas no registo vacinal. Nas Estruturas Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI), a articulação entre serviços de saúde e instituições sociais é determinante para garantir a atualização do Programa Nacional de Vacinação e prevenir casos de tétano evitáveis. Objetivo: Analisar a cobertura vacinal antitetânica em residentes e profissionais de ERPI de uma ULS da Região Centro e identificar fatores associados à não atualização, para apoiar propostas de melhoria integradas na prática do enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária - área de Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e Saúde Pública. Métodos: Estudo observacional, quantitativo e descritivo-analítico, tendo como base a extração de dados do programa EVACINAS e a aplicação de um questionário a profissionais de saúde. Resultados: Assimetrias na cobertura vacinal entre ERPI urbanas e rurais, registos incompletos e barreiras como falta de informação estruturada, medo de reações adversas e fragilidades na articulação com os cuidados de saúde primários, sendo facilitadores a existência de protocolos formais e ações de sensibilização. Conclusão: O enfermeiro especialista tem um papel central na vigilância epidemiológica, no planeamento em saúde e na capacitação comunitária, contribuindo para a equidade no acesso à vacinação antitetânica e para a segurança dos idosos institucionalizados. Este relatório evidenciou o compromisso com a vigilância em saúde, a promoção da literacia em saúde e a tomada de decisão informada, sustentada na melhor evidência científica disponível.
Palavras-chave: Enfermagem Comunitária; Saúde Pública; Planeamento em Saúde; Promoção da Saúde; Vacinação do Tétano.
Abstract Background: Tetanus vaccination remains a public health priority in ageing and institutionalized populations, where increased clinical vulnerability, chronic wounds, and potential gaps in vaccination records often coexist. In Residential Care Facilities for Older People (RCFOP), coordination between healthcare services and social institutions is essential to ensure adherence to the National Vaccination Program and to prevent avoidable cases of tetanus. Objective: To analyse tetanus vaccination coverage among residents and healthcare professionals in RCFOP within a Local Health Unit (LHU) in the Central Region of Portugal, and to identify factors associated with non-updated vaccination status, in order to support improvement strategies within the scope of specialist practice in Community Nursing – Community and Public Health. Methods: Observational, quantitative, and analytical descriptive study, based on data extracted from the EVACINAS system and the administration of a questionnaire to healthcare professionals. Results: Disparities in vaccination coverage were identified between urban and rural RCFOP, alongside incomplete records and barriers such as lack of structured information, fear of adverse reactions, and weaknesses in coordination with primary healthcare services. Facilitating factors included the existence of formal protocols and awareness-raising initiatives. Conclusion: The specialist nurse plays a central role in epidemiological surveillance, health planning, and community empowerment, contributing to equity in access to tetanus vaccination and to the safety of institutionalized older adults. This report highlights a commitment to health surveillance, the promotion of health literacy, and informed decision-making grounded in the best available scientific evidence. Keywords: Community Nursing; Public Health; Health Planning; Health Promotion; Tetanus Vaccination.
Abstract Background: Tetanus vaccination remains a public health priority in ageing and institutionalized populations, where increased clinical vulnerability, chronic wounds, and potential gaps in vaccination records often coexist. In Residential Care Facilities for Older People (RCFOP), coordination between healthcare services and social institutions is essential to ensure adherence to the National Vaccination Program and to prevent avoidable cases of tetanus. Objective: To analyse tetanus vaccination coverage among residents and healthcare professionals in RCFOP within a Local Health Unit (LHU) in the Central Region of Portugal, and to identify factors associated with non-updated vaccination status, in order to support improvement strategies within the scope of specialist practice in Community Nursing – Community and Public Health. Methods: Observational, quantitative, and analytical descriptive study, based on data extracted from the EVACINAS system and the administration of a questionnaire to healthcare professionals. Results: Disparities in vaccination coverage were identified between urban and rural RCFOP, alongside incomplete records and barriers such as lack of structured information, fear of adverse reactions, and weaknesses in coordination with primary healthcare services. Facilitating factors included the existence of formal protocols and awareness-raising initiatives. Conclusion: The specialist nurse plays a central role in epidemiological surveillance, health planning, and community empowerment, contributing to equity in access to tetanus vaccination and to the safety of institutionalized older adults. This report highlights a commitment to health surveillance, the promotion of health literacy, and informed decision-making grounded in the best available scientific evidence. Keywords: Community Nursing; Public Health; Health Planning; Health Promotion; Tetanus Vaccination.
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Palavras-chave
Competência profissional Enfermagem de saúde comunitária Enfermagem de saúde pública Idoso Lares para idosos Promoção da saúde Vacina contra difteria e tétano Aged Community health nursing Diphtheria tetanus vaccine Health promotion Homes for the aged Professional competence Public health nursing Vaccination
