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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: Cuidar do recém-nascido (RN) no domicílio é uma experiência exigente que
envolve os pais, altura que enfrentam muitas dificuldades relacionadas com o desenvolvimento de
competências cuidativas.
Objectivos: Analisar o nível de competências maternas auto-percebidas (CMAP) das puérperas
no cuidar do RN de termo entre as 24 e as 72 horas pós-parto, quanto às dimensões cognitivo-motora
e cognitivo-afectiva. Avaliar o nível de conhecimento das puérperas relativamente ao transporte
seguro do RN de termo. Determinar a relação entre as variáveis sócio-demográficas e obstétricas e a
CMAP das puérperas no cuidar o RN de termo.
Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, analítico-correlacional, de corte
transversal. A amostra é constituída por 212 puérperas internadas no serviço de Obstetrícia de um
Centro Hospitalar da região centro de Portugal. A colheita de dados foi realizada através da aplicação
de um questionário subdividido em três partes: dados sócio-demográficos e obstétricos, dados sobre
o transporte do RN e Escala de Auto-percepção Materna das Competências Cuidativas Neonatais de
Santos & Mendes (2004).
Resultados: A maior parte das puérperas (55,7%) apresenta um alto nível de competência
cuidativa, no entanto, 35,4% apresenta um baixo nível e 9% um nível moderado, sendo que a
dimensão cognitivo-motora apresenta uma média mais alta que a dimensão congnitivo-afectiva. Uma
alta percentagem de puérperas (34%) apresenta um baixo nível de conhecimento sobre o transporte
do RN. São as puérperas que têm algum conhecimento sobre a legislação relativa ao transporte do
bebé no automóvel que referem uma maior CMAP em relação à “higiene e conforto”, “manutenção da
temperatura corporal” e “ evitar os perigos”.
As variáveis gravidez planeada, gravidez desejada e aceitação da gravidez influenciam a CMAP.
Também, as mulheres imigrantes apresentam uma maior CMAP no que se refere à “alimentação”,
“evitar os perigos”, “sono e repouso” e “comunicação/estimulação”. São as mulheres com menos
habilitações literárias (até ao 9º ano) as que mostram uma maior CMAP na “alimentação” e na
“comunicação/estimulação”. Ainda, as puérperas que vivem com o companheiro/filhos e as que têm
mais filhos ostentam uma maior CMAP em todas as subescalas. De igual forma, a experiência prévia
com bebés relaciona-se positivamente com a CMAP em todas as subescalas. As mulheres que
vigiaram a gravidez numa instituição de carácter público, apresentam uma maior CMAP em cinco das
seis subescalas (“evitar os perigos”, “alimentação”, “manutenção da temperatura corporal”,
“sono/repouso” e “comunicação/estimulação”). Nestas quatro últimas subescalas são as mulheres
que vigiaram a gravidez no privado as que apresentam a menor CMAP. Inexplicavelmente as
mulheres que realizaram preparação para o parto mostram uma menor CMAP nas subescalas
“alimentação”, “sono/repouso” e “comunicação/estimulação” que aquelas que não a realizaram. As
variáveis em estudo, idade, estado civil, actividade laboral, tipo de parto actual, problema de saúde,
aleitamento materno e vigilância da gravidez, não influenciam a CMAP.
Conclusão: Neste estudo analisamos a auto-percepção das mães acerca do seu nível de
competência e os factores que nela interferem, permitindo posteriormente dirigir os ensinos
efectuados ao longo do internamento.
Palavras-chave: Auto-percepção Materna, Competências Cuidativas, Recém-nascido.
ABSTRACT Placement: Taking care of the newborn (NB) is a demanding experience that involves parents at home, when they face many difficulties related to the development of caring competencies. Objectives: To analyse the level of Maternal Self-perceived Competencies (MSPC) of mothers in caring of the term NB between the 24 and 72 hours postpartum, as for the cognitive-motor and cognitive-affective dimensions. To assess the knowledge level of mothers regarding the safe transport of term NB. To determine the relationship between socio-demographic and obstetric variables and MSPC of the women caring of the term NB. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, analytic-correlational and cross-sectional study. The sample consists of 212 women inmate in the Obstetrics service of a Central Hospital in the center region of Portugal. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire which consists of three parts: socio-demographic and obstetric data, the NB transport and a Self-perception of Maternal Neonatal Caring Competencies Scale (Santos & Mendes, 2004). Results: The majority of the women (55.7%) have a high level of caring competencies; however, 35.4% has a low level and 9% a moderate level, also the cognitive-motor dimension presents a higher average than the cognitive-affective dimension. A high percentage of women (34%) had a low level of knowledge about the NB transport. There are the mothers who have some knowledge about car transport legislation that have a greater MSPC concerning to the "health and comfort," "maintenance of body temperature" and "avoid the dangers." Variables as planned pregnancy, wanted pregnancy and pregnancy acceptance influence the MSPC. Also, immigrant women have a higher MSPC concerning the "food", "avoid the dangers", "sleep and rest" and "communication/stimulation" subscales. Are women with fewer qualifications (up to 9th grade) who show the greater MSPC in "food" and "communication/stimulation" subscales. Those mothers living with partner/child and those which have other children are the ones who carry a greater MSPC in all subscales. Similarly, previous experiences with babies are positively related with MSPC in all subscales. Women whose watched pregnancy in a public character institution, have a higher MSPC in five of the six subscales ("avoid the dangers", "food", "maintaining body temperature", "sleep/rest" and "communication/stimulation"). In those last four subscales are women who watched pregnancy in a private institution who have the lowest MSPC. Inexplicably women who frequented childbirth preparation show a lower MSPC in the "food", "sleep/rest" and "communication/stimulation" subscales than those who did not accomplish that. The variables age, marital status, employment activity, current type of birth, health problem, breastfeeding and surveillance of pregnancy, do not influence the MSPC. Conclusion: In this study we have analysed the mothers’ self-perception about their level of competencies and the factors that affect it, which will allow us directing later, the teachings made throughout the internment. Keywords: Maternal Self-perception, Caring Competencies, Newborn.
ABSTRACT Placement: Taking care of the newborn (NB) is a demanding experience that involves parents at home, when they face many difficulties related to the development of caring competencies. Objectives: To analyse the level of Maternal Self-perceived Competencies (MSPC) of mothers in caring of the term NB between the 24 and 72 hours postpartum, as for the cognitive-motor and cognitive-affective dimensions. To assess the knowledge level of mothers regarding the safe transport of term NB. To determine the relationship between socio-demographic and obstetric variables and MSPC of the women caring of the term NB. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, analytic-correlational and cross-sectional study. The sample consists of 212 women inmate in the Obstetrics service of a Central Hospital in the center region of Portugal. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire which consists of three parts: socio-demographic and obstetric data, the NB transport and a Self-perception of Maternal Neonatal Caring Competencies Scale (Santos & Mendes, 2004). Results: The majority of the women (55.7%) have a high level of caring competencies; however, 35.4% has a low level and 9% a moderate level, also the cognitive-motor dimension presents a higher average than the cognitive-affective dimension. A high percentage of women (34%) had a low level of knowledge about the NB transport. There are the mothers who have some knowledge about car transport legislation that have a greater MSPC concerning to the "health and comfort," "maintenance of body temperature" and "avoid the dangers." Variables as planned pregnancy, wanted pregnancy and pregnancy acceptance influence the MSPC. Also, immigrant women have a higher MSPC concerning the "food", "avoid the dangers", "sleep and rest" and "communication/stimulation" subscales. Are women with fewer qualifications (up to 9th grade) who show the greater MSPC in "food" and "communication/stimulation" subscales. Those mothers living with partner/child and those which have other children are the ones who carry a greater MSPC in all subscales. Similarly, previous experiences with babies are positively related with MSPC in all subscales. Women whose watched pregnancy in a public character institution, have a higher MSPC in five of the six subscales ("avoid the dangers", "food", "maintaining body temperature", "sleep/rest" and "communication/stimulation"). In those last four subscales are women who watched pregnancy in a private institution who have the lowest MSPC. Inexplicably women who frequented childbirth preparation show a lower MSPC in the "food", "sleep/rest" and "communication/stimulation" subscales than those who did not accomplish that. The variables age, marital status, employment activity, current type of birth, health problem, breastfeeding and surveillance of pregnancy, do not influence the MSPC. Conclusion: In this study we have analysed the mothers’ self-perception about their level of competencies and the factors that affect it, which will allow us directing later, the teachings made throughout the internment. Keywords: Maternal Self-perception, Caring Competencies, Newborn.
Description
Keywords
Auto-conceito Competência Comportamento materno Cuidados à criança Cuidados ao lactente Mãe Psicologia Recém nascido Child care Competence Infant care Infant, newborn Maternal behavior Mothers Psychology Self concept
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Viseu. Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu