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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: Ao longo do trajeto realizado com vista à aquisição de competências comuns e específicas relativas ao Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica, várias temáticas se tornam pertinentes para a prática de cuidados ao binómio criança/família, podendo ser exploradas através da investigação, essencial para a evolução da disciplina de Enfermagem. No mundo, 1 em cada 10 RN nasce prematuro, o que pode acarretar sequelas no futuro da criança, devendo os cuidados ao RN ser antecipatórios e individualizados, promovendo o seu conforto e bem-estar. Incentivar o aleitamento materno é essencial para a maximização da saúde da criança e para a vinculação pais-bebé, sendo uma prática acessível e segura, dotada de vários benefícios. A literatura menciona que o colostro, o primeiro leite da mãe, contém diversos nutrientes essenciais, bem como fatores de proteção que protegem a mucosa oral do contacto com certos microrganismos, reforçando o sistema imunológico, o que é útil ao RN prematuro hospitalizado, suscetível a variadas complicações decorrentes da prematuridade.
Objetivos: Descrever o percurso formativo nos diferentes contextos de estágio; refletir de forma crítica sobre as atividades concretizadas para o desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica; identificar os benefícios da colostroterapia para o RNP hospitalizado em unidades de cuidados intensivos e intermédios neonatais.
Metodologia: Descritivo-reflexiva sobre o percurso formativo nos diversos contextos de estágio. Foi realizada uma Scoping Review, de acordo com o protocolo proposto pela Joanna Briggs Institute®. A pesquisa foi efetuada no motor de busca B-On e nas bases de dados MEDLINE e CINAHL, considerando um horizonte temporal de 2017 a 2023, incluindo estudos publicados na íntegra nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. A seleção dos estudos, a extração e a síntese dos dados foram efetuadas por dois revisores independentes.
Resultados: Nos seis estudos incluídos na Scoping Review, foi possível constatar que a colostroterapia, além de ser uma intervenção fácil de concretizar (administração de apenas 0,1mL de colostro cru na mucosa oral do RN prematuro), é barata e segura. Revelou elevados benefícios para o RNP, como a diminuição da incidência de complicações, favorecendo a ação antimicrobiana, o ganho ponderal e a alimentação enteral. A colostroterapia reveste-se, assim, de grande potencial na redução da incidência de várias patologias associadas à prematuridade, reduzindo inclusive a taxa de mortalidade neonatal.
Conclusão: O trabalho desenvolvido ao longo dos estágios e no presente relatório considera-se como um contributo para a melhoria contínua dos cuidados de Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica, trazendo para a prática os conhecimentos obtidos em contexto formativo, bem como os adquiridos com a execução do trabalho de investigação. Assim, face aos resultados, é imperativo que os enfermeiros sejam sensibilizados e capacitados para a implementação desta prática, dotada de inúmeros benefícios para o RN/Família.
Palavras-chave: recém-nascido prematuro, colostroterapia, orofarínge, unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais
Abstract Background: Throughout the journey towards acquiring common and specific competences for the Specialist Nurse in Child and Paediatric Health Nursing, various themes have become relevant to the practice of caring for the child/family binomial, and can be explored through research, which is essential for the evolution of the nursing discipline. In the world, 1 in 10 newborns are born prematurely, which can have consequences for the child's future, and newborn care should be anticipatory and individualised, promoting their comfort and well-being. Encouraging breastfeeding is essential for maximising the child's health and the parent-baby bond, and it is an accessible and safe practice with many benefits. The literature mentions that colostrum, the mother's first milk, contains several essential nutrients, as well as protective factors that protect the oral mucosa from contact with certain microorganisms, strengthening the immune system, which is useful for hospitalised premature NBs who are susceptible to various complications resulting from prematurity. Objectives: Describe the training pathway in the different internship contexts; critically reflect on the activities carried out to develop the common and specific competences of the Specialist Nurse in Child and Paediatric Health Nursing; identify the benefits of cholesterol therapy for NBs hospitalised in neonatal intensive and intermediate care units. Methodology: Descriptive-reflective on the training programme in the various internship contexts. A Scoping Review was carried out in accordance with the protocol proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute®. The search was carried out using the B-On search engine and the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, considering a time horizon of 2017 to 2023, including studies published in full in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Study selection, data extraction and synthesis were carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: In the six studies included in the Scoping Review, it was found that colostrum therapy, as well as being an easy intervention to implement (administration of just 0.1mL of raw colostrum to the oral mucosa of premature NB), is cheap and safe. It has shown great benefits for the NB, such as reducing the incidence of complications, favouring antimicrobial action, weight gain and enteral feeding. Colostrum therapy therefore has great potential for reducing the incidence of various pathologies associated with prematurity, including reducing the neonatal mortality rate. Conclusion: The work carried out during the internships and in this report is seen as a contribution to the continuous improvement of Child and Paediatric Health Nursing care, bringing to practice the knowledge obtained in the training context, as well as that acquired from carrying out the research work. In view of the results, it is imperative that nurses are sensitised and trained to implement this practice, which has numerous benefits for the NB/family. Keywords: premature infant, colostrotherapy, oropharyngeal, neonatal intensive care units.
Abstract Background: Throughout the journey towards acquiring common and specific competences for the Specialist Nurse in Child and Paediatric Health Nursing, various themes have become relevant to the practice of caring for the child/family binomial, and can be explored through research, which is essential for the evolution of the nursing discipline. In the world, 1 in 10 newborns are born prematurely, which can have consequences for the child's future, and newborn care should be anticipatory and individualised, promoting their comfort and well-being. Encouraging breastfeeding is essential for maximising the child's health and the parent-baby bond, and it is an accessible and safe practice with many benefits. The literature mentions that colostrum, the mother's first milk, contains several essential nutrients, as well as protective factors that protect the oral mucosa from contact with certain microorganisms, strengthening the immune system, which is useful for hospitalised premature NBs who are susceptible to various complications resulting from prematurity. Objectives: Describe the training pathway in the different internship contexts; critically reflect on the activities carried out to develop the common and specific competences of the Specialist Nurse in Child and Paediatric Health Nursing; identify the benefits of cholesterol therapy for NBs hospitalised in neonatal intensive and intermediate care units. Methodology: Descriptive-reflective on the training programme in the various internship contexts. A Scoping Review was carried out in accordance with the protocol proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute®. The search was carried out using the B-On search engine and the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, considering a time horizon of 2017 to 2023, including studies published in full in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Study selection, data extraction and synthesis were carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: In the six studies included in the Scoping Review, it was found that colostrum therapy, as well as being an easy intervention to implement (administration of just 0.1mL of raw colostrum to the oral mucosa of premature NB), is cheap and safe. It has shown great benefits for the NB, such as reducing the incidence of complications, favouring antimicrobial action, weight gain and enteral feeding. Colostrum therapy therefore has great potential for reducing the incidence of various pathologies associated with prematurity, including reducing the neonatal mortality rate. Conclusion: The work carried out during the internships and in this report is seen as a contribution to the continuous improvement of Child and Paediatric Health Nursing care, bringing to practice the knowledge obtained in the training context, as well as that acquired from carrying out the research work. In view of the results, it is imperative that nurses are sensitised and trained to implement this practice, which has numerous benefits for the NB/family. Keywords: premature infant, colostrotherapy, oropharyngeal, neonatal intensive care units.
Description
Keywords
Aleitamento materno Colostro Doenças do recém nascido prematuro - prevenção e controle Recém nascido prematuro Revisão Unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais Breast feeding Colostrum Infant, premature Infant, premature, diseases - prevention and control Neonatal intensive care units Review