Browsing by Author "Costa, Carlos"
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- Comparative assessment of rural realities in the European Union: The main drivers of the rural populationPublication . Martinho, Vítor; Costa, Carlos; Blanco-Varela, Bruno
- Factors affecting Foreign Direct Investment in the Accommodation SectorPublication . Barroco, Cristina; Castro, Eduardo Anselmo; Costa, CarlosDespite the many theories that suggest an explanation for international trade and why certain countries attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) more than others, researchers are unanimous in affirming that FDI is influenced by pull factors (specific characteristics of the host country) and by push factors (specific characteristics of companies and of their home country). This study aims to identify the key factors influencing FDI in the Portuguese tourism sector. With this purpose, a theoretical model was developed which was validated through semi-structured exploratory interviews and questionnaire surveys applied to foreign investors exploiting accommodation units in mainland Portugal. Fifty three questionnaires were considered valid, representing 63.9% of the universe of foreign investors in Portugal (accommodation sector). The results obtained indicate that Portugal’s geographical location, its image/brand as a tourist destination and the Portuguese tourism offer are considered the key factors influencing FDI. This study also identifies that the main barriers to FDI are bureaucracy, tax burden and Portugal’s current economic situation.
- Fatores de Atratividade para Investimento Direto Estrangeiro no setor do turismo portuguêsPublication . Barroco, Cristina; Castro, Eduardo Anselmo; Costa, CarlosApesar de serem muitas as teorias que sugerem uma explicação para a realização do comércio internacional, tentando justificar porque é que determinados países são mais atrativos para Investimento Direto Estrangeiro (IDE) do que outros, os autores são unânimes ao afirmar que o IDE é influenciado por fatores de atração (características específicas dos países de acolhimento) e por fatores impulsionadores (características específicas das empresas e do país de origem das mesmas). Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os principais fatores de atratividade para IDE no setor do turismo português. Com essa finalidade construiu-se um modelo teórico, que foi validado através de entrevistas exploratórias semiestruturadas e da aplicação de inquéritos por questionário aos investidores estrangeiros a explorar unidades de alojamento em Portugal. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a localização geográfica de Portugal, a imagem/marca do setor do turismo português e a oferta turística portuguesa são considerados os fatores de atração mais importantes para IDE. Este estudo identificou, ainda, que os maiores entraves ao IDE são a burocracia, a carga fiscal e a atual situação económica do país.
- Fatores determinantes no processo de atracão de Investimento Direto Estrangeiro para o setor do Turismo em PortugalPublication . Barroco, Cristina; Castro, Eduardo Anselmo; Costa, CarlosO objetivo genérico deste estudo é determinar a competitividade de Portugal para Investimento Direto Estrangeiro (IDE) no setor do Turismo (subsetor do Alojamento), através da identificação dos principais fatores de atratividade. Como objetivos específicos pretende-se: – Identificar em termos cronológicos o início do IDE no setor do Turismo em Portugal; – Identificar os principais países investidores em Portugal; – Identificar geograficamente onde se concentra o IDE; – Identificar quais os grupos económicos mundiais a trabalhar em Portugal no subsetor do Alojamento e formas de representação; – Identificar a existência ou não de incentivos ao IDE por parte do governo português; – Identificar a existência ou não de legislação clara e eficaz de proteção ao IDE.
- Foreign direct investment in the accommodation sector in PortugalPublication . Barroco, Cristina; Castro, Eduardo Anselmo; Costa, CarlosSurprisingly, even though the number of studies addressing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is large, a very limited number of them are applied to the tourism industry. Furthermore, none of them examines FDI in the Portuguese tourism industry. However, as important as identifying and analyzing the reasons for travelling and the reasons that influence tourists visiting Portugal, is to identify the pull factors that influence foreign investors to choose the Portuguese accommodation sector. Although much has been written to date on the attractiveness of Portugal as a tourist destination, there were no studies on the attractiveness of Portugal in attracting foreign investment to the tourism sector. The current study intends to fill this gap by identifying the key factors influencing FDI in the Portuguese accommodation sector. With this purpose, a theoretical model was developed which was validated through semi-structured exploratory interviews and questionnaire surveys applied to foreign investors exploiting accommodation units in mainland Portugal. Fifty three questionnaires were considered valid, representing 63.9% of the universe of foreign investors in Portuguese accommodation sector and that account for the exploitation of 20.999 beds. The results obtained indicate that Portugal’s geographical location, its image/brand as a tourist destination and the Portuguese tourism offer are considered the key factors influencing FDI. This study also identifies that the main barriers to FDI are bureaucracy, tax burden and Portugal’s current economic situation.
- Health and wellness tourism in pandemic times: paradigms shifts and sustainability challengesPublication . Costa, Carlos; Quintela, Joana; Antunes, JoaquimThe immediate consequences of coronavirus pandemic on tourism sector, triggered significant paradigm shifts on demand and also in the value of healthand healthcare as synonymous of security in tourist destinations, conditioning its image, promotion and the economic development of the territories. This special issue is focused on the challenges and opportunities prompted by this new reality in the specific field of Health and Wellness Tourism,concerning its impacts on related businesses and in worldwide destinations that has a solid tradition related with Thermal Baths, Spas and even withMedical services and facilities regarding tourist purposes. The importance of this approach is due to the fact this kind of Tourism figures as an important factor for the sustainable management of local communitiesand for the promotion of tourist destinations, contributing to the preservation and conservation of natural and even cultural heritage at the regional level.The aim of this special issue is to present the management and marketing strategies, development opportunities, innovative solutions and good practicesexamples that may outcome from these challenging circumstances, presenting full papers, case studies and research reports, based on a sustainabilityperspective. These approaches are developed in literature, regarding different contexts and countries, constituting a solid body of research on the topic.Sheldon and Park (2009) and Voigt and Pforr (2014) made an approach to wellness in a destination perspective, considering different implications fordestination development, management and competitiveness (Prideaux et al., 2014; Smith & Puczkó, 2014), the sustainable regional development(Pechlaner et al., 2014; Wray & Weiler, 2014) and introducing the concept of health region (Pforr et el., 2014). Also Peris-Ortiz & Álvarez-García (2015)analysed Health and Wellness Tourism as an important market segment, analysing it in different dimensions through several European case studies aboutregional development and innovative strategies on Thermalism (Araújo et al., 2015; Costa, Quintela & Mendes, 2015; Joukes & Costa, 2015). In whatconcerns to the actual context of coronavirus pandemic, Berini (2020) organized a sum of different studies regarding the impacts on Tourism and travelsector (Keller, 2020; Richards, 2020), focusing on marketing strategies during Covid-19 sanitary crisis (Andreini & Mangiò, 2020), on the sustainabilitydimension (Holden, 2020; Wells, 2020; Bougleux, 2020) and also forecasting behaviours and social impacts of this phenomenon (Peretta, 2020; Alberti &Perrotta, 2020; Heuwinkel, 2020). Health and Wellness Tourism has been an important factor for the economic development of territories, for the sustainable management of localcommunities and for the promotion of tourist destinations, contributing to the preservation and conservation of natural and even cultural heritage.Considering the importance and ancient tradition of Health and Wellness Tourism in many European (Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Portugal,Turkey, Spain) and worldwide countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, India, Peru, Thailand, United States) mainly due to their richness and abundance of hotsprings, it figures demanding to analyse the economic impacts of Coronavirus pandemic in this activity. Bearing in mind the shift on Health and Healthcareparadigms, figuring as synonymous of security in tourist destinations, conditioning its image, promotion and development, this special issue is focused onthe sustainability challenges and opportunities this new reality is designing in the specific field of Health and Wellness Tourism.
- Pull Factors affecting entry choice: the internationalization of the Accommodation SectorPublication . Barroco, Cristina; Castro, Eduardo Anselmo; Costa, CarlosMany theories have been used to explain international trade and why certain countries attract hotel chains more than others. Throughout the centuries, literature has witnessed a number of attempts to explain international trade. Successive research in this area has led to a group of theories proposed by several authors who have been crucial to understand the choice of a destination to enter. These theories provide some insight into the complexity of internationalization flows. However, an integrated theory that combines these elements in an analytical manner has yet to be developed. Although these theories appear in an isolated manner, they should be understood as complementary and not dissociated or regarded as alternatives. Even though there are many theories, researchers are unanimous in affirming that hotel chains' internationalization is influenced by pull factors, related to specific characteristics of the host country, contextual environment (common to all companies) and the transactional environment (specific to each sector) and by push factors, related to specific characteristics of the companies and of their home country. Though both factors are important, this research gives special emphasis to the pull factors. Accordingly, the main aim of this paper is to identify which pull factors influence hotel chains willingness to enter a destination (Portugal). With this purpose, a theoretical model was developed. The model included 11 pull factors (characteristics of host country): - 6 Specific Factors of the Contextual Environment (SFCE): Country risk; Level of development; Regulation; Integration in international organizations; Cultural and historical affinities; Geographical location. - 5 Specific Factors of the Tourism Sector (SFTS): Competitiveness of the sector; Government policies for the sector; Image/brand of the sector; Tourism offer; Tourism demand. This model also seeks to discover if the main barriers to foreign investment are related to the SFCE or the SFTS. All factors were explored in the construction of logical relations that underpin the enunciation of the hypothesis.
- The choice of a destination to enterPublication . Barroco, Cristina; Castro, Eduardo Anselmo; Costa, CarlosA thorough literature review has shown that although there are many theories to explain international trade, researchers are unanimous in affirming that hotel chains' internationalisation is influenced by pull factors, related to specific characteristics of the host country (contextual and transactional environment), and by push factors, related to specific characteristics of the companies and of their home country. This chapter aims to identify which factors influence hotel chains choosing a destination to invest over another. With this purpose, a theoretical model, that included six pull factors related to the contextual environment and five factors linked to the tourism industry, was developed. This model was validated through questionnaire surveys applied to foreign investors running accommodation units in mainland Portugal. Fifty three questionnaires were considered valid, representing 64% of the universe of foreign investors in Portugal (accommodation sector).