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- Polyurethane Foams from Liquefied Eucalyptus globulus BranchesPublication . Domingos, Idalina; Fernandes, Ana Paula; Ferreira, José; Cruz-Lopes, Luísa; Esteves, BrunoCurrently, polyurethane (PU) production is completely dependent upon fossil oil, as the two primary reagents necessary for PU production, polyol and isocyanate, are derived from fossil fuels. Eucalyptus branches are waste products for most forest management companies. In this work, polyols obtained by the liquefaction of eucalyptus branches were used for foam production. The influence of the isocyanate, catalyst, surfactant, and blowing agent contents on the foam properties was studied. Overall the amount of each chemical used in the production of PU foams had a noticeable effect on the density and compressive properties. The amount of water (blowing agent) had the strongest effect and decreased the density and compressive properties because of higher foam expansion. The other chemicals increased or decreased the density and compressive stress depending on the amount used. The density of the produced foams ranged from 36 kg/m3 to 108 kg/m3, the compressive stress ranged from 15 kPa to 149 kPa, and the Young’s modulus ranged from 64 kPa to 2100 kPa. The results showed that it is possible to convert these forest residues into PU foams with properties somewhat similar to those of commercial foams, although with a lower compressive strength.
- Livro de Resumos: Olhares sobre a Educação 7Publication . Menezes, Luís; Rocha, João; Rego, Belmiro; Figueiredo, Maria Pacheco; Ribeiro, António Augusto Gaspar; Silva, Ana Isabel; Felizardo, Sara; Cardoso, Ana PaulaEste livro de resumos do Olhares sobre a Educação7 constitui uma memória do que foi o congresso, com o mesmo nome, realizado na Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu, a 11 de abril de 2019. Este congresso está focado nas problemáticas da educação, em particular aquelas que têm incidência na formação de professores. Como tem vindo a ser hábito, este encontro teve quatro secções principais. Iniciou com uma conferência plenária a cargo de um professor da ESEV que terminou recentemente o seu trabalho de doutoramento. Nesta edição, esse papel coube a Paula Xavier que apresentou a conferência intitulada “Diversidade familiar e escola: um olhar sobre as famílias homoparentais”. O espaço seguinte foi constituído por workshops paralelos que abordaram problemáticas importantes no contexto educativo. Foram apresentados os seguintes workshops: W1 – Educação inclusiva e necessidades de saúde especiais (nse) - Sofia Campos, ESSV; W2 – Potencialidades dos sensores na educação básica - Cristina Gomes, ESEV; W3 – Não é um livro para crianças! - Ana Catarina Fernandes & Margarida Almeida, ESEV; W4 – A arte no ensino da simetria - Tamara Pereira, ESEV; W5 – Brincar com as TIC na cidade de Viseu - Manuela Loureiro, ESEV; W6 – Projeto inclusivo Gamelin - Eulália Albuquerque, AVISPT21; W7 – Palavras mutantes - Isabel Aires de Matos & Ana Isabel Silva, ESEV; W8 – Humor para ensinar!? - Marta Carvalho & Luís Menezes, ESEV; W9 – Yoga para crianças - Filipa Antunes, ESEV. O terceiro espaço foi ocupado por pósteres submetidos pelos participantes que relatam experiências de ensino, realizações educativas, projetos de intervenção ou projetos de investigação no campo da educação. O congresso terminou com um painel plenário intitulado “Projetos educativos na escola: possibilidades de desenvolvimento”: Viseu Educa: Clara Pombeiro e Maria Miguel Martins, Câmara Municipal de Viseu (CMV); Germinar a ciência: Ana Capelo e João Azevedo, CMV; SmartCity Lab for Kids: Bárbara Sousa, Manuela Loureiro e Pedro Rocha, CMV; Escola Ativa: Tiago Freitas, CMV.
- Effects of thermal modification of oak wood upon selected properties of coating systemsPublication . Gurleyen, Levent; Ayata, Umit; Esteves, Bruno; Gurleyen, Tugba; Cakicier, NevzatHeat treatment processes are usually used in low valued softwoods however there has been an increased use to change the natural colour of more valuable hardwoods without chemicals to be use indoors mainly for parquet floors. In this study, wood samples from oak (Quercus petreae L.) wood were heat treated (ThermoWood method) at 190oC for 2 hours and 212oC for 1 to 2 hours. Untreated and heat treated wood surfaces were coated by two different processes with an UV varnishing system according to manufacturer recommendations. The objective of this study was to investigate some surface properties like adhesion, glossiness, pendulum hardness and color (L*, a*, b*, ΔE, ΔL*, Δa* and Δb*). With heat treatment Lightness decreases and its magnitude is higher for higher temperatures and treating times being lower for double coated wood. There was a slight increase followed by a decrease in redness (lower a*) and a clear decrease in the yellow tone (b*). Total color variation increased with the intensity of the treatment and glossiness decreased (more for single coated wood). The adhesion strength and surface hardness decreased with the heat treatment for both single and double coated wood.
- Hydrocolloids effect on coating batter and on organoleptic properties of rissol regenerated in oven and comparison with deep-frying processPublication . Sousa, Ana; Velho, Manuela; Alves, Manuel; Pinheiro, RitaIntroduction: Consumers' preference for lower fat products continues to increase and there is a significant pressure on industry to reduce the use of frying processes. Objetives: Evaluate the effect of hydrocolloids on the Rissol coating, avoiding the pre-frying or frying processes. It’s also intended to compare physicochemical characteristics of the Rissol obtained, using oven regeneration process and traditional deep-frying, and consumer's acceptability of oven regenerated Rissol. Methods: Hydrocolloids such as carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, xanthan, karaya and locust bean gums, were used alone in the coating system at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.5%(w/w), as well as the synergies established between pairs of gums to a final concentration of 1%(w/w). Rissol was regenerated in the oven (200°C, 18 minutes) and instrumental texture, colour, moisture and organoleptic properties (quantitative descriptive analysis) were measured. The contents in protein, carbohydrates, total fat, fibre, sodium chloride and moisture and consumer’s acceptability in Rissol with 0.5%(w/w) of carboxymethylcellulose were determined, to compare deep-frying and oven cooking processes. Results: The addition of 0.5%(w/w) of any of hydrocolloids studied to the coating system offers better prospects to produce an oven product without pre-frying. The formulations with 1.5%(w/w) of hydrocolloid showed a poorer appearance with cracks and lumps. Conclusion: The use of carboxymethylcellulose in coating batter could be an alternative to obtain a product with reduced total fat and with positive consumer acceptability results (with oven regeneration).
- The contribution of a portion of meat, fish and eggs for climate changePublication . Ferreira, Vicente; Domingos, Idalina; Esteves, Bruno; Cruz-Lopes, LuísaIntrodução: A mudança nos padrões alimentares dos cidadãos implicará uma pegada ambiental maior em termos de emissões de gases de efeito estufa e uso de recursos naturais. Por exemplo, dietas ricas em leite e carne, especialmente de ruminantes, estão associadas ao aumento das emissões de metano da fermentação entérica, do dióxido de carbono da deflorestação para dar origem ao pasto e do óxido nitroso da produção de ração. Objetivos: Para um consumo mais sustentável, o objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e comparar a contribuição para as alterações climáticas de uma porção do que se come em geral, proveniente da Roda dos Alimentos, relacionados com carnes, aves, peixes e ovos, para alcançar uma dieta equilibrada e saudável. Métodos: A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, baseada nas normas ISO 14040/44 (2006), foi a metodologia utilizada. A análise de inventário e, posteriormente a análise de impacte foram realizadas utilizando o software SimaPro 8.5. O método escolhido para a avaliação de impacte ambiental foi o IPCC 2013 GWP 100a. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que uma porção de cavala (peixe) apresenta a pegada ecológica inferior seguida da porção de bacalhau, frango, lombo de porco, ovos, lagosta e bife de vaca, respetivamente. Conclusões: A principal conclusão deste estudo é que a avaliação do impacte de ciclo de vida usando o método IPCC 2013 GWP 100a, pode ajudar as pessoas a escolherem os melhores alimentos para uma refeição mais amiga do ambiente, ajudando a mitigar as alterações climáticas.
- Study about some environmental factors that determine people’s food choices in 16 different countriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Ferreira, Manuela; Correia, Paula; Leal, Marcela; Ferreira, Vanessa; Rumbak, Ivana; EL-Kenawy, Ayman; Papageorgiou, Maria; Szucs, Viktória; Vittadini, Elena; Klava, Dace; Bartkiene, Elena; Munoz, Lucia; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Tarcea, Monica; Djekic, Ilija; Bizjak, Masa; Isoldi, KathyIn the ambit of the multinational project EATMOT undertaken in 16 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and United States of America) a study was undertaken to evaluate the motivations for food choices as influenced by variables linked to sustainability. In this way aspects related with minimization of transportation and storage of food products, minimization of package or use of eco-materials, respect for animal’s rights and policies of recovery of food surplus were studied. The food sector is a very important one and greatly contributes to the pressure over the ecosystems, either because a great amount of food is produced, many times in intensive regimens, to feed humans on earth or because those foods are nowadays traded all over the world, contributing for the increase of the ecological footprint, and most especially if the transportation requires refrigeration systems. Hence, nowadays consumers may be aware of these problems and condition some of their food choices to these aspects. The research was undertaken by means of a questionnaire survey on nearly 12 thousand participants, from the 16 countries cited above. Briefly, the results indicated that, in general the concerns with environment and sustainability are important for most of the participants. Specifically, 55.2% preferably choose foods form the season and 49.15 prefer to buy local foods. About half of the participants (50.4%) opt for foods that comply with sustainable processing and packaging and the minimal usage of packaging is important to 49.1%. While a great majority, 70.7% try to avoid food waste at home, when it to comes to frequenting restaurants that do not have a recovery policy of food surplus the percentage is much lower, only 18.6%. The animal´s rights are a conditioning factor for food choice for about half of the participants, 49.8%. Still, it was observed that many of the participants did not manifest their opinion, with a percentage varying between 17.2 and 46.7%. These findings are important to understand the level of commitment of the general population around the world with sustainability factors determining their food choices and on the other hand show that there is still an important part of the population that do not take care about sustainability aspects when buying or consuming food, which something that we do several times everyday and year after year.
- ERSAR service quality indicators – practical case of a MunicipalityPublication . Pardal, Ana; Miguel, CatarinaIntroduction: Waste services are fundamental in modern societies as they contribute significantly to the social and economic development of the country. Therefore, they must comply with a set of principles, among which are the universality of access, continuity and quality of service and price efficiency and equity, constituting an important factor of social balance. From the point of view of regulation and evaluation of the quality of public services provided to users, The Water and Waste Services Regulation Authority (ERSAR) plays a leading role. Objectives: To analyze the service quality indicators (SQI) of a medium-sized city council for the period 2011 to 2016, which allow to evaluate in a technical, environmental and economic terms an municipal solid waste management system. Methods: The evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) management services is carried out through three groups of quality of service quality indicators (performance indicators): indicators that reflect the protection of user interests; indicators that reflect the sustainability of service management and, finally, indicators that translate environmental sustainability. Results: The results obtained in the service quality indicators for the evaluation of the goals of the Portuguese Strategic Plan for MSW Management (PERSU 2020) show that the city has yet to make an effort to meet the goals defined for the sector by 2020. Conclusions: Overall, the analysis shows that the system presents mainly levels medium and unsatisfactory quality of service.
- Sanitary Conditions of Primary Health Care Services from the perspective of Sanitary SurveillancePublication . Lima, Yara; Souza, Mariluce; Paz, Bianca Maria; Costa, EdináIntroduction: Sanitary surveillance (SS) is aimed at the risk associated with products and services and is part of the activities related to Primary Health Care (PHC) in its structure and processes. Objectives: To analyze the perception of SS professionals on the sanitary conditions (SC) of PHC services. Methods: Professionals of Sanitary surveillance teams Participated of a Focus Group (FG) of four Sanitary Districts of Salvador. The reports were analyzed based on documents and regulations of the Ministry of Health (MOH). Results: The participants of the FG associated SC to health risks, highlighting problems regarding the structure of services and provision of equipment/materials for actions under the PHC. They presented strategies to minimize risks such as preventive maintenance of equipment, supply of materials for the provision of care, and monitoring and organization of the work process in an appropriate manner. They considered "persistence" as an important trait for the work of SS professionals to achieve the minimization of health risks of workers and users in the PHC. Conclusions: The data collection technique of FG enabled the discussion of the topic and the reflection of professionals on their practices. However, it was found that for the implementation of FG, the focus on the theme is challenging. It is considered that it was difficult for SS professionals to address the possible implications of SC on PHC services and on the health of the population.
- Café memória: uma pausa com atividades em grupo e palestras com especialistas para cuidadores de pessoas com demência.Publication . Araújo, Lia; Amante, Maria João; Sousa, Isabel; Alvarez, Catarina; Fonseca, SusanaObjetivos: o presente estudo procura apresentar evidência sobre a preferência dos cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência que participam no Café Memória acerca da estrutura e funcionamento das sessões. Material y métodos: 68 cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência de 9 Cafés memória de Portugal participaram neste estudo. São sobretudo mulheres (69.1%), casadas (69.1%), com média de 63.8 anos (DP 12.9), conjugues da pessoa com demência (55.9%), que vivem com o seu familiar com demência (76.7%). A informação, recolhida por um questionário com questões sobre a importância atribuída a cada parte da sessão, atividades e palestras preferidas e sugestões de melhoria, foi analisada com recurso à análise qualitativa e quantitativa e respetivos softwares. Resultados: tanto as palestras como as atividades em grupo são consideradas como muito importantes pela maioria dos cuidadores (71.6% e 60%), sendo o acolhimento realizado à chegado outros dos momentos destacados (65.2%). As atividades referidas como mais importantes foram os jogos de estímulação, as atividades de expressão (artísticas e musicais), histórias de vida, leitura, atividades físicas e passeios. Já nas palestras, foram referidos, por vários participantes, os temas sobre aspetos gerais da demência, como lidar e interagir com as pessoas com demência, sobrecarga dos cuidadores, questões jurídicas, assistência social, cuidados de saúde, nutrição, atividade física e fisioterapia, bem como a participação de cuidadores que partilharam a sua experiência pessoal ao nível das sugestões de melhoria, as questões do espaço e da divulgação foram as mais apontadas. Conclusiones: Conhecer a importância atribuída pelos cuidadores às diferentes atividades em que participaram e as suas sugestões práticas para próximas sessões demonstrou ser uma estratégia importante para a adequação da intervenção às suas verdadeiras necessidades e capacidades.
- Entre o céu e o rio: percursos de criatividade(s) com o livro-álbumPublication . Melão, DulceA multiplicidade de propostas editoriais de qualidade no âmbito da literatura para a infância, sobretudo no que ao livro-álbum diz respeito, apelam ao delinear e ao entrecruzar de percursos de criatividade(s) que podem abrigar a fruição na leitura. Na tentativa de dar resposta a alguns desses desafios, neste artigo, posicionamo-nos entre o céu e o rio, reconfigurados em dois livros-álbum de Vanina Starkoff recomendadas pelo Plano Nacional de Leitura para a Educação Pré-Escolar – Dançar nas nuvens (Starkoff, 2010) e Rio acima (Starkoff, 2017). Privilegiando um enquadramento teórico que ganha alento na conciliação do(s) conceito(s) de criatividade(s) com a motivação para a leitura através da exploração do livro-álbum (Nodelman, 2017; Ramos, 2017; Schiefele, Schaffner, Möller & Wigfield, 2012), traçamos como objetivos: i) atentar no modo como os peritextos confluem e indagam (n)as etapas da pré-leitura, da leitura e da pós-leitura, no âmbito da sua mediação, quer em contexto escolar, quer em outros contextos que possam acolher experiências de leitura prazerosas; ii) mostrar o papel extraordinariamente relevante das ilustrações enquanto (pre)textos de motivação para a leitura e de fomento da criatividade; iii) apontar as formas de reconstrução de literacias múltiplas que daí decorrem. Concluímos que as duas obras selecionadas podem instituir-se enquanto fontes privilegiadas de motivação para a leitura, reabrindo múltiplos percursos, sempre inacabados, de criatividade(s).