RE - Série 2, n.º 12: (2020)
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- Active learning in higher education: pedagogical strategies for collaborative workPublication . Mangas, CatarinaIntroduction: Higher education is normally associated to a more traditional way of teaching which does not fall within the current Bologna process, the characteristics of young students or the changing demands of our society. Nowadays, students must be prepared with a high-level of social skills and knowledge that is required in a labour market that is in permanent transformation. Objectives: Describe group-based or cooperative learning strategies applied in higher education degrees of social sciences and educational areas. Methods: The developed research is characterized as being a qualitative descriptive study with the aim of overcoming a comprehensive summarization of specific strategies experienced by two groups of higher education students. Results: The research suggests that students learn best when they are actively involved in activities where critical and creative thinking is promoted, resulting in better grades, a higher satisfaction with their academic progress and a lower probability of dropping out. Conclusion: It is essential to reflect on pedagogical practices and consequently adopt new strategies developed in student-centered learning environments that increase the quality of higher education, making it more appropriate for the current reality of the job market.
- Assessing the failure in transfer of passive immunity in beef calves: two case reportsPublication . Silva, Carolina Balao; Costa, Lina; Santos, Rute; Pereira, Luisa; Pinto, Henrique; Waap, HelgaIntroduction: Failure in Transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) is a condition that occurs frequently in the bovine species when inadequate ingestion or absorption of enough good-quality colostrum takes place. In bovine kept in extensive conditions, FTPI diagnosis is usually made by complete physical examination, with not enough time for laboratory analysis, and treatment is based on the administration of colostrum replacement products or transfusion. Objectives: To evaluate the transfer of passive immunity in meat calves kept in extensive conditions. Methods: We hereby describe two case reports of calves presenting clinical signs compatible with FTPI and their biochemical analysis, including IgG determination by an ELISA test. Results: The results indicated that both calves presented a very low serum IgG concentration (calf 1: 0.7mg/ml and calf 2: 1mg/ml), confirming FTPI. The animals were treated with a plasma transfusion from a crossbreed cow. At 24 hours after the plasma transfusion, serum IgG concentration raised slightly on both animals, but after 48 hours serum IgG reduced to a concentration similar to the pre-transfusion values. Conclusions: We conclude that plasma transfusion can be an effective treatment for FTPI in clinical cases in extensive conditions but it has to be monitored assuring that serum IgG concentration reaches normal values. Immunological status of donors should be assessed before plasma collection and transfer.
- Doctoral Students on their Pathway towards Multi- and interdisciplinary ResearchPublication . Oxenswärdh, AnetteIntroduction: Interdisciplinary approaches are necessary today for meeting the most critical and complex technological and socio-cultural challenges of knowledge sharing in the world. This paper aims at investigating a doctoral course that took place at Uppsala University in autumn semester 2018. Objetives: The purpose of the study is to describe the processes of joint learning of doctoral students, on their pathway in exploring multi- and interdisciplinary research. Methods: The qualitative approach was used, literature studies, inquires, observations, focus group discussions, interviews and course evaluations with students as well as documentation over the course design were all used as empirical sources. Results: The major implication of the study is that the course gave students a possibility to deepen their understanding over the both barriers and benefits of multi- and transdisciplinary research by interacting and discussing with co-students and teachers from different disciplines. Conclusions: It is suggested in this study, though, that multi- and interdisciplinarity and even undisciplinarity can be the way of co-operating cross the disciplines, learning collectively and creating value for researchers in both solving big problems, in creating something new and innovative, finding solutions and future development for the world. The task for educators and learning agents as well as policy makers is to facilitate participative and systemic critical learning systems and situations where these conditions can be realized.
- Pattern of consumption of psychoactive substances in alternative transport driversPublication . Branco, Fernanda; Mamede, Leticia; Neto, Tancredo; Barroso, Teresa MariaIntroduction: Alternative transport drivers, better known as “pirates / pirateiros”, are constantly exposed to various situations that are harmful to health, such as the consumption of psychoactive substances. Objectives: Identify the consumption patterns of psychoactive substances in alternative transport drivers. Methods: Descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out on a sample of 40 “pirates/ pirateiros” drivers from the city of Oiapoque, in the State of Amapá, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Test (ASSIST). The data were analyzed in the Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) — version: 22.0. Results: It was found that 87.5% of “pirates/ pirateiros” drivers used tobacco derivatives, 100% alcoholic beverages, 37.5% marijuana, 15% cocaine and crack, 65% amphetamine, 2.5% inhalants and deny use of hypnotics, sedatives, hallucinogens and opioids. Through the ASSIST questionnaire on Consumption Patterns, it was found that 62.5% had occasional use for marijuana and that 86.4% and 67.6% resorted to the abusive use of amphetamine and tobacco derivatives, respectively. Regarding the consumption of alcoholic beverages, 28.2% showed an indication of dependence. Conclusions: The results show that more specific research is needed to better understand the vulnerable situation of the “pirates/ pirateiros”. It emerges from research that it is necessary to encourage professionals to develop concrete health education actions for this professional category.
- Signs and meaning gives religiosity for or idosos family caregiverPublication . Silva, Raimunda; Vieira, Luiza Jane; Borges, Rafaele; Bezerra, Indara; Brasil, Christina César; Goncalves, Jonas; Saintrain, Maria VieiraIntroduction: In Brazil, the plurality of beliefs favors the search for spirituality as an emotional support to daily problems and limitations in the care process. Objectives: To analyse reports from family caregivers of elderly dependents about the meaning of religiosity in the care provided at home. Methods: A qualitative study based on symbolic interactionism was developed through semi-structured interviews and free observation with ten family caregivers of the elderly in their homes. Results: The analysis of the understanding of the signs and meanings of religiosity attributed by the caregiver were expressed in the following themes: Faith to face problems in caring for elderly dependents; Prayer to strengthen care and appeal to patience and Obedience to biblical and religious principles. It is noteworthy that the mechanism of religion promotes welcoming, bonding and social support, influencing habits and lifestyles in the context of caring for the dependent elderly. Conclusions: The study reveals religiosity and spirituality as support mechanism to face the difficulties of family caregivers.
- Sociodemographic profile of depression in the elderly in brasil: integrative reviewPublication . Fernandes, Ilda; Neves, Fabrícia; Guimarães, Patrícia; Rolim, Karla Maria; Albuquerque, Firmina Hermelinda; Andrade, Luisa; Milliones, RejaneIntroduction: The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms in the elderly is high. Therefore, it is essential that health professionals know the dominant profile of this nosological entity. Objectives: To identify in the literature, the sociodemographic profile of elderly people affected by depression between 2002 and 2016. Methods: Integrative literature review, carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, using the descriptors: depression, the elderly and geriatrics. Results: The prevalence of depressive illness significantly affects females (90%), aged over 60. The socio-demographic profile identifies white elderly, single, Catholic, illiterate, of medium economic level, with a family history. The use of illicit and licit drugs and a high rate of cognitive deficit are also prevalent characteristics in the profile of an elderly person with depression. Conclusions: Over the past few years, the elderly population has been showing an increase in mental illnesses, including depression. This, therefore, deserves more qualified and humanized attention by the health team, with the aim of reducing the rates of mental disorders in the elderly.
- Study and Analysis of a New Device for the Rehabilitation of the Tibiotarsal JointPublication . Cruz, Ana; Cunha, Beatriz; Pereira, Ana; Rodrigues, Maria; Seabra, Eurico Augusto; Silva, Luís; Colim, Ana; Viana, RuiIntroduction: Currently, there are several types of devices and techniques for the rehabilitation of the tibiotarsal joint. However, complete and effective rehabilitation still falls short of expectations, since the existing devices are not adaptable to the level of torque and the number of repetitions and sessions to be performed, as these depend on each patient and on the stage at which he is finds. Objetives: To improve a mechatronic device for the rehabilitation of the tibiotarsal joint, the Therapheet. Methods: This study presents a review of the tibiotarsal joint rehabilitation protocols, as well as the classification of devices used for this purpose. Thus, the purpose is to improve the Therapheet, developed at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Minho, obtaining a viable, functional and safe rehabilitation device, standing out from the rest on the market, since it allows the execution of the six rehabilitation exercises. Results: It was obtained a prototype of equipment for rehabilitation of the tibiotarsal joint was obtained, proposing changes for improvement according to the specificities and requirements for such a device, having been subjected to a series of preliminary tests to verify its functionality, performance and suitability. The equipment proved to be functional, in terms of executing the ankle rehabilitation movements, however, it still manifests some flaws in terms of the user's stability, sudden movements, and above all dysfunctions arising from excess mass that make up its structure and limitations pneumatic technology adopted. Conclusions: The control of the amplitude of the characteristic angles of the movements of the foot is still done manually, so it would be significant to implement an automated system that would allow the control of the range of amplitude, according to the patient's rehabilitation phase. One option would be the implementation of a new technology, such as the insertion of servomotors.
- Teaching qualitative method: review studyPublication . Taquette, Stella ReginaIntroduction: Interest in qualitative research in various fields of knowledge is increasing. Difficulties linked to the teaching-learning process of the qualitative method have been subject of discussion in national and international scientific events. Objetives: This paper aims to raise questions and pertinent information teaching of qualitative method of research that will serve as subsidies to pedagogical proposals that expand and qualify its use in scientific research. Methods: A literature review on the subject was made in the SciELO and Medline databases and 15 titles were selected from three major areas of knowledge: Health Sciences, Humanities and Social and Applied Sciences. Data thematic analysis originated 3 categories: course modalities, pedagogical strategies and problematization of the method use / teaching. Results: The experiences presented were varied, which can demonstrate that teaching qualitative method is not yet consolidated when comparing it to other hegemonic research methods. Some points stood out as essential in a teaching-learning method proposal in the various areas of knowledge: the constructivist model of teaching-learning, teaching not restricted to techniques and research in practice. Conclusion: It was concluded that the paradigmatic conception of teaching, which discusses science theoretical foundations seems to be the one with the greatest potential to achieve educational objectives.
- Transition to grandfatherthood: the development of the role of the grandfatherPublication . Mendes, Isabel; Coelho, Sónia; Rodrigues, RogérioIntroduction: The birth of a child is an event that causes a series of changes in roles and family dynamics. Studying grandfatherhood is finding the grandfather's prominent role in family health. Objetives: To describe the process of transition to grand parenting as a grandfather and to characterize the performance of the grandparent role in the figure of man as grandfather in family health. Methods: A qualitative study using the Grounded Theory methodological approach according to the approach of Strauss and Corbin (2008). The intentional sample consisted of twenty-six grandparents safeguarding the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, after informed consent. Results: It is in the family and community context that becoming a grandfather: process of building grandfatherthood, having found the causal condition, the intervening conditions, the strategies and the consequences. By becoming a grandfather, the man who already has other roles assumes before society another role, that of grandfather, in which he performs different tasks or functions within the community and the family nucleus where he is inserted with a view to family health. Conclusions: Studying the grandfather figure focuses on the parental role in family health, giving visibility and sustainability to the grandfather figure in the care and care of grandchildren, thus helping health professionals to integrate grand parenting phenomenon.