RE - Série 2, n.º 10: (2019)
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- Artificial intelligence for healthcare and rescuing technology: technical developments and thoughts about employment impactsPublication . Montemanni, Roberto; Guzzi, Jerome; Giusti, AlessandroIntroduction: To evaluate the overall impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics on employment and work organization is complicated by the fact that these technologies are expected to revolutionize many application fields, which are very different from each other. In this paper, we consider two specific applications emerging from recent research projects: one applies AI and Robotics technologies to the healthcare sector, and one to Search and Rescue in wilderness areas. We generalize from these case studies to speculate on how this kind of innovative applications, that are likely to become increasingly common and widespread, might impact employment and work organization in general. Objectives: To understand how innovative applications might impact employment and work organization in general and specifically on healthcare and social services. Methods: Two recent research developments based on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the fields of healthcare and rescuing, respectively, are discussed. Therefore, our research work and main results have been achieved within a Swiss National Science Foundation project and a simplified view of the innovative classification component of the architecture is presented. Results: AI and Robotics technologies have specific application on healthcare and social services and demand new professional skills to manage those new methods. Conclusions: We conclude that, depending on the application field, a reduction in the workforce required to carry out tasks that will be taken over by automation might be counterbalanced by either a drastic increase in demand (healthcare services), or a shift in the required competences/skills (search and rescue); in both cases, we can expect a positive societal impact, also motivated by an increased standard of service.
- Challenges for the prevention and control congenital syphilisPublication . Mesquita, Anna Larissa; Silva, Maria Adelane; Sousa, Ana Jessyca; Júnior, David; Ferreira, Verena Emmanuelle; Linhares, Maria SocorroIntroduction: The prenatal assist quality offered is decisive in the preservation from congenital syphilis, the healthcare professionals have essentials role, once your assist will influence directly. Objectives: Understand the challenges in the perform the prenatal for the preservation and control congenital syphilis. Methods: It`s a exploratory study with qualitative approach. The scenario was a Ceará state healthcare region and the data collect occurred in from august 2016 to September 2017. There was apply a quiz with 59 professionals, for the analyze has used it the referential of Discourse of the Collective Subject. The research respects the bioethics principles from resolution nº 466/12, approved it for the ethic committee in research over number protocol 1.633.568. Results: From the analyze of the professionals’ speech end up in five speeches divided in two thematic: Pregnant co-responsibility; Partner accession to the treatment; Pregnant Women Vulnerabilities with syphilis diagnostic; Professionals Rotation and the bond with the population and professional’s update lack. Conclusions: Stands out that should be considered and give it emphasis the pregnantes vulnerabilities, in a way to give value your needs and subjectivities to achieve a prenatal with quality, preventing and controlling the congenital syphilis.
- Early postural adjustments in football players with cerebral palsyPublication . Cardoso, Cláudia IsabelIntroduction: The functional limitations associated with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and inactivity are directly related to the deficit in postural control, namely the Early Postural Adjustments (EPAs). On the other hand, same studies showed that the practice of physical exercise can improve stability. Objectives: Thus, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of physical exercise, in this case in a football player, on the EPAs of athletes with CP. Methods: The study included 5 young male adults with CP, aged between 18 and 36 years old, all football players, class 7 and 8. The electromyographic activity was recorded using Delsys Trigno and the ratio of the postural musculature [soleus (SO) and tibialis anterior (TA)] prior to a step motion, as well as the center of pressure displacement amplitude were calculated through the force platforms (Bertec), before and after a 4 month interval of training. The two moments of evaluation were compared using the Wilcoxon test and the Spearman correlation between the CoP amplitude and the muscular activity ratio was calculated. Participants were recruited in a first period in which they had no physical activity at all and in the following 4 months they started training regularly, with a frequency of three times a week for 1h30min, always with the same trainer and in the same physical training space. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the anterior CoP amplitude (-4.47cm; p=0.043) after 4 months, with a negative correlation between this amplitude and the ratio of TA / SO (r=-0.90; p=0.037). In the lateral direction, a diminution of amplitude of minimum CoP (-1.49; p=0.893) without statistically significant correlation (r=0.10; p=0.873) was found. Conclusions: Practicing sport, even in pathology, has a significant effect on the improvement of postural oscillation, with an increase in the relationship between muscular activity and postural control.
- Let's talk! Clinical research project of therapeutic occupation activities on conversation and social interactionPublication . Melo-Dias, Carlos; Gonçalves, Cândida; Sousa, Delfim; Pereira, Glória; Ferreira, Joaquim; Façanha, Jorge; Rosa, Amorim; Pinto, Alberto; Carvalho, Ana; Rodrigues, JoaquimIntroduction: Impairments in thought processes, perception, interaction skills, and social functioning are common in individuals with schizophrenia. The Therapeutic Occupation Activities (TOA) promote, prevent, empower, and recover their social skills and appropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviors. This study reviews the evidence on the relevance, effectiveness, and benefits of this learning and training. Development: A single-case experimental study was conducted with individuals with schizophrenia admitted to the Rehabilitation Unit (UCAERe-T), with the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of the structured TOA program of Conversation and Social Interaction for learning and training communication/conversation skills with individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusion: This continuous improvement project, in both areas related to clinical research and outreach partnership services, intends to improve several clinical outcomes, namely personal and social functioning, social involvement, social interaction skills, personal well-being, interpersonal behavior, mood equilibrium, motivation, self-esteem, and personal autonomy, as well as achieve production indicators.
- Monte Carlo sampling for the tourist trip design problemPublication . Chou, Xiaochen; Gambardella, Luca Maria; Montemanni, RobertoIntroduction: The Tourist Trip Design Problem is a variant of a route-planning problem for tourists interested in multiple points of interest. Each point of interest has different availability, and a certain satisfaction score can be achieved when it is visited. Objectives: The objective is to select a subset of points of interests to visit within a given time budget, in such a way that the satisfaction score of the tourist is maximized and the total travel time is minimized. Methods: In our proposed model, the calculation of the availability of a POI is based on the waiting time and / or the weather forecast. However, research shows that most tourists prefer to travel within a crowded and limited area of very attractive POIs for safety reasons and because they feel more in control. Results: In this work we demonstrate that the existing model of the Probabilistic Orienteering Problem fits a probabilistic variant of this problem and that Monte Carlo Sampling techniques can be used inside a heurist solver to efficiently provide solutions. Conclusions: In this work we demonstrate the existing model of the Probabilistic Orienteering Problem fits the stochastic Tourist Trip Design Problem. We proposed a way to solve the problem by using Monte Carlo Sampling techniques inside a heuristic solver and discussed several possible improvements on the model. Further extension of the model will be developed for solving more practical problems.
- Proposal of a methodology for an active learning in sciencesPublication . Teixeira, José Jorge; Teixeira, Lígia; Soares, ArmandoIntroduction: The articulation of the formal education of the sciences with the non-formal is seen as an uninteresting strategy by some teachers, parents and students. There is still a culture that the teaching/learning process should not go beyond what is strictly established in the official program, which is very focused on memorizing exercises techniques, as a formula for success in internal and external evaluations (national examinations). Objetives: Taking as a reference the Experimental Science Teaching Club (ESTC) of the Secondary School Dr. Júlio Martins de Chaves, in Portugal, this work has as main objective to present the methodology developed in the club as well as some of the projects developed. Methods: The teaching methodology is based on the articulation of the experimental sciences teaching, based on the development of projects and illustrative activities, with the topics of the official programs of Physics and Chemistry. Results: The active learning methodology adopted at ESTC has led to significant involvement of students in club activities with a very positive impact on the school performance of the participating students. Conclusion: The methodological strategy has proved to be effective in the motivation of the students for the sciences and in the improvement of the school results.
- Teaching with strategic games: an interdisciplinary study with “Electric Field Hockey”Publication . Trindade, Jorge Fonseca; Fonseca, Teresa; Trindade, Lara FonsecaIntroduction: Physics deal with abstract phenomenon that present some difficulty for students. Sport is an important bridge to link Physics concepts to known phenomena. Using games to learn has grown into a major focus of research over the last decade and provides a mechanism to immerse students in the study of strategic games and complex scientific concepts. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to study the interdisciplinarity among Physics and Sport, using the simulation computer game “Electric Field Hockey” when compared to traditional classroom methods. Methods: This study included 91 students: a control group (N=32), where traditional inquiry-based learning experiences were implemented and an experimental group (N=59) that plays “Electric Field Hockey”. Results: Results of this study show that games can lead to positive learning outcomes, as demonstrated by the increase in test scores from pre- to post-assessment and the student interviews. Conclusion: This study also suggests that a complementary approach, in which video games and hands-on activities are integrated, with each activity informing the other, could be a very powerful technique for supporting student scientific understanding. Further, our findings suggest that game designers should embed metacognitive activities such as reflective opportunities into educational video games in order to provide scaffolds for students and to reinforce that they are engaged in an educational learning experience.
- The body and sound as stimulators of interactive processes in young people with special educational needsPublication . Lamounier, Slavisa; Lopes, Paulo FerreiraIntroduction: Inserted in the development of a digital musical instrument, the Digital Sock, we present in this document the results obtained from the analysis of the psycho-pedagogical interactive cycle in which we investigate the instrument as a sound stimulation tool in interactive processes between body-instrument-environment. Objetives: Analysis of the psych pedagogical interaction cycle that investigates the relationship between body and sound, with the new instrument, the Digital Sock, as a stimulating device for communicational processes. Methods: The methodology used for this investigation was action research. In the first phase, we conducted a psychopedagogical intervention with young people in Special Education. In the second phase, we conducted a Case Study with a young man diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. For data collection we used audiovisual media and field diary, focused interview, participant observation and document analysis. For the interpretation of the data we performed the discourse analysis and the content analysis. The acting model used during the two phases of practical intervention prioritized the integration of music and body movement (Dalcroze, 1920; Pederiva, 2004; Santiago, 2008; Storolli, 2011); the formation of the scenic gesture (Laban, 1978; Katz, 2005; Miller, 2007; Greiner & Amorim, 2010; Miller, 2012; Amaral, 2015; Roquet, 2017); ludic practice (Lapierre, 1982; Fonseca, 2001; Acouturier & Lapierre, 2004; Vieira, Batista & Lapierre, 2005); creative improvisation (Nordoff & Robins, 1959; Bruscia, 1999) and the belief that sound and music enable peer communication (Benenzon, 1981; Whipple, 2004). Results: The body-sound relationship as a means of expression has shown to be able to stimulate creative processes and the development of critical and reflexive thinking. All the activities developed during the meetings prioritized the body-sound relationship. The analysis of the narratives showed that the message propagated by the sock (the sonority) was understood as a reaction to the sound heard during the exercise (with individual encoding and decoding) and expressed through the eyes of the hands, facial expression and body balance - subtle movements, more visible than the broad movements. Conclusions: The interpretation of the data led us to conclude that Digital Sock, perceived as a psychopedagogical tool for sound and gestural stimulation, favours the development of scenic-musical narratives in young people with Special Educational Needs.
- The experience of the climacteric period for women without childrenPublication . Mazzetto, Fernanda; Malu, Maria de Lourdes; Zezé, Maria José; Orso, LíviaIntroduction: The climacteric period is a phase of modifications in the ovarian function that presents psychic, endocrine and somatic changes. This phase has been the subject of few studies and it has been the target of several taboos for many years. Objectives: To understand the climacteric experience of women without children. Methods: Exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Ten women, without children, attended in the basic health network were interviewed. The analysis of data was based on the Thematic Analysis. Results: The following themes were developed based on the analysis: Feelings for not being mothers, Reasons for non-maternity and Forms of compensation. Conclusions: The knowledge on the climacteric experience of women without children made it possible to recognize and understand the feelings of frustration, impotence and failure for not being mothers. Family abandonment, loneliness, stigmatization, and the reduction of social interaction are present manifestations. However, there are those women that opt for non-maternity, privileging autonomy, professional life