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- Effectiveness of prehospital nursing interventions in stabilizing trauma victimsPublication . Mota, Mauro; Cunha, Madalena; Santos, Eduardo José Ferreira dos; Figueiredo, Ândrea; Silva, Márcio; Campos, Rui; Reis Santos, MargaridaBackground: Trauma is a public health issue with a significant social and economic impact. However, national data on its characterization and the role of nursing in its management is still scarce. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of prehospital nursing interventions in stabilizing trauma victims provided by nurses of Immediate Life Support Ambulances in Portugal. Methodology: Observational, prospective, and descriptive-correlational study. Data were collected by nurses of the Immediate Life Support Ambulances in mainland Portugal, from 01/03/2019 to 30/04/2020, and the Azores, from 01/10/2019 to 30/04/2020. Trauma severity indices were assessed before and after the nursing interventions. Results: This study included 606 cases (79.4% blunt trauma; 40.8% road accidents) reported by 171 nurses. Nurses performed mostly interventions for hemodynamic support (88.9%) and non-pharmacological pain control (90.6%) of trauma victims. The nursing interventions improved the Revised Trauma Score and the Shock Index (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prehospital nursing interventions improve trauma victims’ clinical status
- The relationship between acute pain and other types of suffering in pre-hospital trauma victims: An observational studyPublication . Mota, Mauro; Melo, Filipe; Henriques, Carla; Matos, Ana; Castelo-Branco, Miguel; Monteiro, Mariana; Reis Santos, Margarida; Madalena Jesus Cunha Nunes, MariaBackground: Acute pain is an important complaint reported by trauma victims, however, the relationship between it and other types of discomfort, such as discomfort caused by cold, discomfort caused by immobilization, and psychological distress such as fear, anxiety, and sadness is limitedly studied and documented. Aim: To assess the relationship between acute trauma pain and other types of suffering in pre-hospital trauma victims. Methods: This is a prospective multicentre cohort study conducted in Immediate Life Support Ambulances in Portugal. All adult trauma victims with a mechanism of blunt and penetrating injuries, falls, road accidents and explosions, were included. Results: 605 trauma victims were included, mainly male, with a mean age of 53.4 years. Before the intervention of the rescue teams, 90.5 % of the victims reported some level of pain, 39.0 % reported discomfort caused by cold, while 15.7 % felt fear, 8.4 % sadness, 49.8 % anxiety and 4.5 % apathy. Victims with high discomfort caused by cold tend to have higher pain levels. Significantly higher pain intensity were observed in victims with fear and anxiety. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicates that immobilization is associated with increased pain levels. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant relationship between acute trauma pain, anxiety, fear, cold and immobilization.