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- The Contexts of Agricultural Policies in the United States of America: Perspectives for the FuturePublication . Martinho, VítorThe United States (US) is a great country that influences the world dynamics in several dimensions, including those related to the socioeconomic frameworks, where the agricultural sector has its relevance. From this perspective, it is always interesting to understand the contexts of agriculture in the United States and the respective policy measures and instruments designed by competent institutions. Considering these motivations, it is intended to highlight the main agricultural policies in the US through a literature review and present future perspectives. The literature review was carried out based on bibliometric analysis, specifically considering bibliographic data and bibliographic coupling links, in a viewpoint of systematic review. For the bibliometric analysis, the following items were considered: authors, countries, documents, organisations and sources. The systematic review considered the top 20 documents with the highest total link strength. As main insights, of highlighting a concern with the impacts of the agricultural sector in the soil and water management and environmental dimensions, where the APEX model has its importance.
- Forest entrepreneurship: A bibliometric analysis and a discussion about the co-authorship networks of an emerging scientific fieldPublication . Mourao, Paulo Reis; Martinho, VítorForest management has been recognized as a significant challenge for various scientific fields, namely because the difficulties in creating employment and economic dynamics in the forestry sector. Actually, it is not easy to generate more returns, in this sector, for the land owners, in addition to the production of wood after several years, depending on the produced species. In general, these difficulties lead to the land abandonment and a large set of associated problems like the forest fires. The main objective of this research is therefore to highlight the main insights from the literature related with the forest entre- preneurship, as supports for the several stakeholders, namely the policymakers, stressing the main gaps in the current scientific literature. In this paper, we have developed a bibliometric analysis through the VOSviewer software, complemented with a literature review, considering 83 articles obtained from the Web of Science (core collection) and Scopus related with the topic of ‘forest’ and ‘entrepreneurship’. We detailed the networks of Journals, Countries, Terms and Authors that have been researching and pub- lishing in the scientific domains of ‘forest entrepreneurship’. Additionally, we studied measures of social networks analysis for each case. This kind of analysis for these topics has a particular novelty, because there is still a significant scarcity of studies addressing these approaches. In fact, searching, for example, in WOS (all databases) for the topics ‘forest’, ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘bibliometric’ we found zero doc- uments (the same for Scopus platform, considering the article title, abstract and keywords). We concluded that the recent field of ‘forest entrepreneurship’ has allowed a higher level of co-authorships and a lower level of centrality in the citations’ network. We identified, also, that there are some gaps in the scientific literature, namely related with the few multidisciplinary networks outside the forest sci- ences in these topics. Finally, we observed that these topics are related with authors who, on average, published with 9 co-authors along their career and that authors working on the most generic topic of ‘forest’ tend to have 17 different co-authors, reinforcing the characteristics of ‘forestry entrepreneurship’ as a relevant but emerging scientific field.
- Relationships between agricultural energy and farming indicatorsPublication . Martinho, VítorCutting costs in farms is the main concern for several stakeholders, specifically for farmers. Reducing energy costs allows for, at the very least, two relevant outcomes, one concerning increases in the net farm income and the other relating to the environment and the promotion of more sustainable farming and rural development. In turn, the agricultural sector may itself be a relevant source of renewable and clean energies. Considering these motivations, this research/study has intended to explore the concept of agricultural energy, highlighting the main insights from literature, and to stress the relationships between this concept and relevant farming indicators. The findings obtained may provide interesting support for the several related stakeholders, namely, policymakers, farmers and researchers. To achieve these objectives, literature available on scientific platforms was explored and statistical relationships were established, through econometric approaches (allowing for spatial effects), between structural characteristics from farms in the European Union. The findings reveal that the several instruments within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) should further address the relationships between financial support and sustainability. For example, it could be interesting to index the direct payments from the 1st CAP Pillar with farm indicators that consider dimensions related with the efficiency and savings in costs. In the current context, it is possible to increase the output and area with energy cost growths of 0.423 and 0.375% points, respectively, and increase the total crops output/ha growth and the utilised agricultural area with energy costs/ha growth of 0.243 and −0.225% points, respectively.
- Insights into circular economy indicators: Emphasizing dimensions of sustainabilityPublication . Martinho, VítorEconomic circularity involves different dimensions and may be assessed through several indicators. These indicators are, however, scarcer when the intention is to analyse the interrelationships between the circular economy and sustainability. This framework shows that there is potential here to be explored in the indicators of the circular economy, namely to highlight their interlinkages with dimensions of sustainability. From this perspective, the main objectives of this study are to bring about new insights into the contexts of economic circularity indicators and how they are associated with sustainable development. To achieve these objectives, a systematic review of the literature based on meta-data assessment and bibliometric analysis was considered, for the topics addressed here. For the bibliometric analysis, bibliographic and text data from the Web of Science and Scopus were taken into account. In the bibliometric analysis, network metrics were explored, specifically those related to centrality approaches. The results obtained reveal, for example, that it is important to find more and newer sustainability indicators concerning the circular economy, because those which have already been identified and highlighted by scientific literature fail to address any relevant dimensions. In fact, the main limitations come from the difficulties in considering all the dimensions which may affect the main focus of the analysis. In turn, the literature survey highlights that there are not so many studies which carry out systematic reviews and bibliometric analysis covering the topics related to indicators in the circular economy. These findings show the novelty of this research and that there are fields here which should be addressed by the scientific research.
- Relationships between agricultural energy and farming indicatorsPublication . Martinho, VítorCutting costs in farms is the main concern for several stakeholders, specifically for farmers. Reducing energy costs allows for, at the very least, two relevant outcomes, one concerning increases in the net farm income and the other relating to the environment and the promotion of more sustainable farming and rural development. In turn, the agricultural sector may itself be a relevant source of renewable and clean energies. Considering these motivations, this research/study has intended to explore the concept of agricultural energy, highlighting the main insights from literature, and to stress the relationships between this concept and relevant farming in- dicators. The findings obtained may provide interesting support for the several related stakeholders, namely, policymakers, farmers and researchers. To achieve these objectives, literature available on scientific platforms was explored and statistical relationships were established, through econometric approaches (allowing for spatial effects), between structural characteristics from farms in the European Union. The findings reveal that the several instruments within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) should further address the relationships between financial support and sustainability. For example, it could be interesting to index the direct payments from the 1st CAP Pillar with farm indicators that consider dimensions related with the efficiency and savings in costs. In the current context, it is possible to increase the output and area with energy cost growths of 0.423 and 0.375% points, respectively, and increase the total crops output/ha growth and the utilised agricultural area with energy costs/ha growth of 0.243 and 0.225% points, respectively.
- Food and Consumer Attitude(s): An Overview of the Most Relevant DocumentsPublication . Martinho, VítorFood markets have, at least, two dimensions. One is related to supply, where food marketing, for example, plays a determinant role, namely to promote healthy and balanced consumption. The other dimension is associated with demand, where it is important to understand and bring insights about consumer attitudes, because they have implications on patterns of food consumption. In this framework, the main objective of this research is to suggest an alternative approach for conducting systematic reviews based on bibliometric analysis and implement it on topics about food and consumer attitudes. For this purpose, the most important bibliographic items (authors, sources, organizations, countries and documents) were identified and later the most relevant documents were reviewed. In addition, 908 documents were selected on 11 December 2020 from the Web of Science Core Collection, for the topics “food” and “consumer attitude*”, and analyzed through bibliometric analysis with the support of the VOSviewer and Gephi software. These documents were also benchmarked with those available in the Scopus scientific database. The approach presented here made it possible to highlight the main insights from the scientific literature related to consumer attitudes to food and bring about further contributions to a literature review supported by bibliometric analysis. This proposal may be known as MB2MBA2 (Methodology Based on Benchmarking of Metadata, from scientific databases, and Bibliometric Assessment and Analysis). This systematic review highlights that organic foods, food neophobia, climate change, marketing strategies and interrelationships between motivations–consumer attitudes–perceptions–purchase intentions–purchase decisions (MAPID) deserved special attention. In addition, MAPID interactions are impacted, among other dimensions, by labelling, branding and trust in the information provided. Future research should further address impacts on consumer attitudes towards food, such as those related to climate-smart agriculture, food 4.0, food security and protection, and climate change and malnutrition.
- Machine and Deep Learning: Their Roles in the Context of the Economic Growth Processes and Sustainability AssessmentPublication . Martinho, VítorSustainability assessments are crucial for more balanced economic growth, and in these contexts, the new technologies, namely those associated with the digital transition, play a fundamental role. Indeed, the technologies related to the Era 4.0 are a hope for governments and international organisations, for example, to deal with the need of promoting economic growth and, at the same time, reduce the carbon footprint. Nonetheless, these digital approaches require expertise and, sometimes, the stakeholders are not prepared to use these new methodologies, or the infrastructures available are not adjusted to the new requirements. In this framework, this study proposes to analyse the contributions of machine and deep learning for economic growth and sustainability assessments. For that, bibliometric analysis and systematic review were carried out, considering documents related to topics associated with the issues here addressed. The insights obtained highlight the potentialities of the machine and deep learning methodologies for sustainability assessments and economic growth.
- Will All Municipalities Be Affected in the Same Way by Changes in Overnight Stays?Publication . Martinho, VítorThe municipalities in Portugal play a crucial role in promoting tourism in an integrated way, and appear, in some cases, as essential territorial brands for the respective marketing plans. This territorial marketing may take advantages of natural, cultural and historical municipal heritage to create wealth and maintain the identity and heterogeneity. Of course, the supranational and transnational cooperation to combine strategies are, also, important in a perspective of complementarity. In this context, this study aims to provide a perspective of the tourism sector in Portugal, through bibliometric analysis and statistical survey, so as to show the importance of the Portuguese municipalities in the performance of tourism and to highlight the impacts, at a municipal level, from the Covid-19 pandemic. The results reveal that the impacts from the pandemic were not symmetrical across the Portuguese territory and that the more affected municipalities were those which were more dependent on mass tourism, specifically those located in the big cities and the Algarve.
- Interrelationships Between Economic Growth and Sustainability: Highlights from the LiteraturePublication . Martinho, Vítort The great discussions currently are about how to make compatible economic growth and sustainability. In other words, the big challenge for the next years is to identify strategies that promote economic growth and human well-being without compromising the environment and the future of the planet. This is, in fact, a hard task for the current and next generations. The needs of humanity for more food and employment are in an increasing trend and these frameworks call for continuous economic growth worldwide, but these tendencies are supported often compromising the availability of resources for the next generations. The objective of this research is to bring more insights from the scientific literature about the interrelationships between economic growth and sustainability. For that, several documents, obtained from the Scopus database and related to the issues here addressed, were considered. These documents were analysed through bibliometric approaches and following the VOSviewer software procedures. With this research, several contributions for more sustainable economic growth were presented.
- Camino de Santiago: the routes in the region of ViseuPublication . Martinho, Vítor; Nunes, JoãoEl Camino de Santiago es una red de rutas en la que es posible encontrar personas con fines religiosos, turistas, curiosos y otros peregrinos con los más diversos objetivos e intereses, mostrando las perspectivas y significados multidimensionales de estos caminos. Varias veces los diversos interesados tienen dificultades efectivas para identificar, en cada región, la ruta utilizada en el pasado por los peregrinos del Camino de Santiago. En este marco, el estudio que se presenta aquí tiene por objeto explorar las principales percepciones destacadas por la literatura científica sobre el Camino de Santiago, haciendo hincapié en el caso específico de las rutas de la región de Viseu. Como metodología, se ha realizado, en primer lugar, una encuesta bibliográfica con 52 artículos diferentes obtenidos de la plataforma científica Web of Science (todas las bases de datos) para el tema “Camino de Santiago” y después se ha explorado la literatura relacionada con las rutas de la región de Viseu. Para mejorar la revisión inicial de la literatura y apoyar la organización del estudio se hizo previamente un análisis bibliométrico. Como principales conclusiones, de subrayar la importancia de considerar enfoques multidisciplinarios en los análisis de las diversas dimensiones del Camino de Santiago. Específicamente para las rutas de la región de Viseu de referir que, el Camino de Santiago, desde Coimbra hasta Chaves pasando por Viseu, era una de las principales rutas de peregrinación portuguesa. Las primeras referencias de una ruta que atravesó la región datan del siglo XII. En los siglos XVI y XVIII, peregrinos de diversas nacionalidades recorrían el Camino hacia la tumba del Apóstol. Fueron impulsados por diversas motivaciones de las desgracias de la vida. La devoción, la espiritualidad y la penitencia en particular fueron, sin embargo, los factores determinantes para que alguien estuviera dispuesto a llevar el hábito de un peregrino. Los caminos que tomaron no son fáciles de rastrear exactamente. No obstante, se pudo percibir que los peregrinos de la región preferían las rutas principales que datan del período romano.