Loading...
3 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
- Mixed Ventilation Systems in Residential Buildings: Application of the design Principles Based on prNP 1037-5Publication . Pinto, Manuel; Viegas, João; Freitas, VascoIn multi-family buildings in Portugal essentially mixed ventilation systems are used. However, this system does not currently have a document that supports its design. The mixed ventilation system envisaged in the prNP 1037-5 considers two situations a) base flowrate given by passive devices which will allow the dwelling to be swept by flow rates due to wind action (e.g. horizontal ducts between compartments located on opposite facades), b) peak flowrate given by mechanical extraction placed in service compartments (kitchen and toilet facilities). In this paper, through a simulation using the CONTAM software and based on experimental data of air permeability of ventilation devices, an application of the design principles of the mixed ventilation systems idealized in prNP 1037-5 is performed. A sensitivity analysis is carried out by varying some of the most significant parameters in mixed ventilation systems, such as: geographical location, orientation and elevation of the dwellings; positioning of interior doors, closed or open. It involves the annual simulation of air flows using representative environmental conditions of the continental Portuguese climate (four cities), and the production of indoor pollutants (water vapor and CO2). Through this simulation we intend to conclude, for example, what is proper condition (opened or closed) of interior doors and the recommended air intake flows.
- Model for Health Risk Assessment in Portuguese Housing SpacesPublication . Pinto, Manuel; Pastorinho, Manuel Ramiro; Lanzinha, João; Monteiro, MarisaCurrently, people spend most of their time inside their homes. However, poor conditions in terms of comfort and quality of the indoor environment can pose high risks to the inhabitants’ health. Therefore, a good quality environment is essential, since, in addition to the hazards present in indoor air (e.g., particles, (S)VOCs, CO, radon and tobacco smoke), extreme temperatures, relative humidity levels, pests (e.g., mold, dust mites and bioaerosols), noise, airborne infectious agents (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) and contamination through water and soil can cause physical injuries, respiratory diseases, damage to multiple organ systems as well as harmful effects on the mental health of the occupants. Faced with this requirement, housing evaluation models were studied together with the main types of risk that could affect the health of the inhabitants, with the objective of proposing a new evaluation model for housing health and safety risks, fitted to the occupants, and especially suitable for Portuguese dwellings, although applicable in other geographical contexts. As a result of this analysis, this article proposes a new model for evaluating health and safety risks in housing, applicable in Portugal, supported by an inspection form and, as the main difference from the existing models, parameter measurements, providing complementary data for the evaluation. This model was created based on a set of functional and regulatory requirements that were identified for the healthy use of living spaces. Twenty-eight hazards were identified, and the respective risk factors were assessed using different processes and target demographics, including visual inspection, parameter measurements, occupants’ age and location and age of housing. In order to validate the model and determine its usefulness, it was applied to a set of houses with different construction dates, locations and occupants. This exercise enabled the identification of hazard classes and the calibration and fine tuning of the model application. Finally, proposals for future work are presented in order to create a base of evolution for the model.
- Regulation and Standardization on the Quality of the Indoor Environment Applicable to Kindergartens and Elderly Care Centers: Portugal - BrazilPublication . Pinto, Manuel; Lanzinha, João; Silva, FernandoAo assumir-se a importância da obtenção de uma adequada qualidade de vida no interior dos edifícios, o estudo da Qualidade do Ambiente Interior assume um desafio bastante significativo quando analisado, principalmente, em edifícios que englobam um tipo de população mais sensível e suscetível, como é o caso das crianças e idosos. Para a manutenção de um ambiente interior adequado à permanência dos ocupantes, com níveis de qualidade do ar e de conforto higrotérmico aceitáveis, verifica-se ser necessário o cumprimento de um conjunto de exigências, nomeadamente a limitação da concentração de poluentes e as condições de conforto higrotérmico em intervalos de valores de referência regulamentados e recomendados. Este artigo visa apoiar a evolução dos critérios de projeto em Portugal e Brasil recorrendo a uma análise comparativa da regulamentação e normalização sobre Qualidade do Ambiente Interior aplicável a infantários e residências de idosos. A análise comparativa pretende analisar, nomeadamente, os seguintes parâmetros ambientais: temperatura do ar, humidade relativa, concentrações de dióxido de carbono e de compostos orgânicos voláteis totais e caudais de ar novo. Relativamente aos edifícios e espaços, pretende-se analisar alguns parâmetros que poderão ter influência na Qualidade do Ambiente Interior, tais como: coeficiente transmissão térmica da envolvente vertical opaca e envidraçados [U], fator solar de envidraçados [g], isolamento a sons aéreos de fachadas [D2m, nT, w], Iluminância [Em] e áreas dos espaços. A título de exemplo, são apresentadas algumas medições realizadas em edifícios de duas cidades do interior centro de Portugal, Viseu e Covilhã. Com base na análise comparativa, são propostas algumas recomendações, nomeadamente ao nível dos requisitos da envolvente, de forma a obter-se uma melhoria geral da Qualidade do Ambiente Interior.