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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O estágio de natureza profissional desenvolvido e que deu resposta a este relatório tem como finalidade major o desenvolvimento de competências para a obtenção do título de especialista e grau de mestre em Saúde Materna, Obstétrica e Ginecológica. Na componente de investigação estudou-se as vivências de grávidas com asma, tendo em conta o significado atribuído pelas grávidas com asma à educação pré-natal. Objetivos: Analisar criticamente as atividades concretizadas nos estágios para aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica; Compreender as vivências de grávidas com asma; compreender o significado atribuído pelas grávidas com asma à educação pré-natal. Participantes e métodos: No que concerne ao estágio, foi realizada uma análise reflexiva da prática clínica desenvolvida, tendo como referência o perfil de competências do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica e os padrões de qualidade em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, da Ordem dos Enfermeiros. No âmbito do eixo de investigação, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, utilizando o método fenomenológico de Max van Manen, estudo aprovado pela Comissão de Ética. Pelo método de bola de neve, selecionaram-se 12 participantes, para entrevista fenomenológica. Os dados recolhidos foram alvo de análise fenomenológica suportada pelo software Nvivo® versão 12.
Resultados: A realização dos estágios fortaleceu a inegável importância da formação em enfermagem para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais especializadas. O contacto com a realidade, nas várias valências da atuação do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, resultou no reconhecimento que a componente prática é o primeiro passo para se removerem as barreiras deste desafio e caminhar-se em direção ao patamar de enfermeiro perito/especializado, indo ao encontro dos padrões de qualidade preconizados para a Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica. No âmbito do estudo de investigação realizado, o verbatim das mulheres entrevistadas permitiu desocultar 13 categorias: “Obstáculos na gestão da asma durante a educação pré-natal”, “Sentimentos vivenciados durante a gravidez e parto”, “Estratégias adotadas pela grávida para ultrapassar as dificuldades decorrentes da asma, durante a gravidez”, “Alterações sugeridas à Educação Pré-Natal”, “Ajustamentos terapêuticos durante a gravidez”, “Resultado da gestão da asma durante a gravidez”, “Significado atribuído pela mulher à gravidez”, “Complicações durante a gravidez”, “Ajustamentos terapêuticos após o parto”, “Tipo de acompanhamento da grávida com asma referenciado na Educação Pré-Natal”, “Manifestação da sintomatologia no pós parto”, “Constrangimentos vivenciados durante a gravidez devido à pandemia” e “Patologias decorrentes da gravidez”.
Conclusão: A formação clínica em Enfermagem é extremamente importante, pois prepara os estudantes para lidarem com clientes reais e para ampliarem os conhecimentos obtidos na componente teórica. A experiência clínica é a força vital da formação em Enfermagem, porquanto expõe o estudante a circunstâncias e experiências numa variedade de cenários do mundo profissional real. Da investigação realizada conclui-se que há uma necessidade crescente de um aumento e melhoria do acompanhamento e vigilância das grávidas asmáticas no decorrer da gestação, com consultas mensais, onde seja avaliado o estado atual da doença, a função respiratória e terapêutica implementada ou a implementar. É de extrema relevância que seja implementada uma prática de educação para a saúde sobre a asma durante a gravidez, em programas de educação pré-natal, liderados por enfermeiros competentes e especializados, nomeadamente o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica.
Palavras-chave: Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica; Pós-parto; Mulher; Asma; Expetativas; Vivências.
Abstract Introduction: The main purpose of the professional internship that led to this report was to develop skills for obtaining the title of Specialist and Master in Maternal, Obstetric, and Gynecological Health. The research component studied the experiences of pregnant women with asthma, taking into account the meaning assigned by pregnant women with asthma to prenatal education. Objectives: To critically analyze the activities carried out in the internships for the acquisition and development of skills of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing; To understand the experiences of pregnant women with asthma; to understand the meaning assigned by pregnant women with asthma to prenatal education. Participants and methods: With regard to the internship, a reflective analysis of the clinical practice developed was conducted, taking into account the competencies profile of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing and the quality standards in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing of the Ordem dos Enfermeiros (Portuguese Nurses Association). Within the scope of the research axis, a qualitative study was conducted using Max van Manen's phenomenological method, a study approved by the Ethics Committee. Using the snowball method, 12 participants were selected for phenomenological interviews. The collected data were subject to phenomenological analysis supported by Nvivo® version 12 software. Results: The completion of the internships strengthened the undeniable importance of nursing training for the development of specialized professional skills. The contact with reality in the various areas of action of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing resulted in the recognition that the practical component is the first step to remove the barriers of this challenge and move towards the level of expert/specialized nurse, meeting the quality standards recommended for Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. Within the scope of the research study, the verbatim of the women interviewed allowed 13 categories to be revealed: "Obstacles in asthma management during prenatal education", "Feelings experienced during pregnancy and delivery", "Strategies adopted by the pregnant woman to overcome difficulties arising from asthma, during pregnancy", "Suggested changes to Prenatal Education", "Therapeutic adjustments during pregnancy", "Outcome of asthma management during pregnancy", "Meaning attributed by the woman to pregnancy", "Complications during pregnancy", "Therapeutic adjustments after delivery", "Type of follow-up of the pregnant woman with asthma referred in Prenatal Education", "Manifestation of symptomatology after delivery", "Constraints experienced during pregnancy due to the pandemic" and "Pathologies arising from pregnancy". Conclusion: Clinical training in Nursing is extremely important, as it prepares students to deal with real clients and to expand the knowledge obtained in the theoretical component. Clinical experience is the lifeblood of nursing education, as it exposes students to circumstances and experiences in a variety of real-world professional settings. From the research carried out, we conclude that there is a growing need for increased and improved monitoring and surveillance of pregnant women with asthma during pregnancy, with monthly consultations, where the current status of the disease, respiratory function and therapy implemented or to be implemented are assessed. It is extremely important to implement a health education practice on asthma during pregnancy, in prenatal education programs, led by competent and specialized nurses, namely the Nurse Specialist in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. Keywords: Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing; Postpartum; Woman; Asthma; Expectations; Experiences.
Abstract Introduction: The main purpose of the professional internship that led to this report was to develop skills for obtaining the title of Specialist and Master in Maternal, Obstetric, and Gynecological Health. The research component studied the experiences of pregnant women with asthma, taking into account the meaning assigned by pregnant women with asthma to prenatal education. Objectives: To critically analyze the activities carried out in the internships for the acquisition and development of skills of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing; To understand the experiences of pregnant women with asthma; to understand the meaning assigned by pregnant women with asthma to prenatal education. Participants and methods: With regard to the internship, a reflective analysis of the clinical practice developed was conducted, taking into account the competencies profile of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing and the quality standards in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing of the Ordem dos Enfermeiros (Portuguese Nurses Association). Within the scope of the research axis, a qualitative study was conducted using Max van Manen's phenomenological method, a study approved by the Ethics Committee. Using the snowball method, 12 participants were selected for phenomenological interviews. The collected data were subject to phenomenological analysis supported by Nvivo® version 12 software. Results: The completion of the internships strengthened the undeniable importance of nursing training for the development of specialized professional skills. The contact with reality in the various areas of action of the Specialist Nurse in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing resulted in the recognition that the practical component is the first step to remove the barriers of this challenge and move towards the level of expert/specialized nurse, meeting the quality standards recommended for Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. Within the scope of the research study, the verbatim of the women interviewed allowed 13 categories to be revealed: "Obstacles in asthma management during prenatal education", "Feelings experienced during pregnancy and delivery", "Strategies adopted by the pregnant woman to overcome difficulties arising from asthma, during pregnancy", "Suggested changes to Prenatal Education", "Therapeutic adjustments during pregnancy", "Outcome of asthma management during pregnancy", "Meaning attributed by the woman to pregnancy", "Complications during pregnancy", "Therapeutic adjustments after delivery", "Type of follow-up of the pregnant woman with asthma referred in Prenatal Education", "Manifestation of symptomatology after delivery", "Constraints experienced during pregnancy due to the pandemic" and "Pathologies arising from pregnancy". Conclusion: Clinical training in Nursing is extremely important, as it prepares students to deal with real clients and to expand the knowledge obtained in the theoretical component. Clinical experience is the lifeblood of nursing education, as it exposes students to circumstances and experiences in a variety of real-world professional settings. From the research carried out, we conclude that there is a growing need for increased and improved monitoring and surveillance of pregnant women with asthma during pregnancy, with monthly consultations, where the current status of the disease, respiratory function and therapy implemented or to be implemented are assessed. It is extremely important to implement a health education practice on asthma during pregnancy, in prenatal education programs, led by competent and specialized nurses, namely the Nurse Specialist in Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing. Keywords: Maternal and Obstetric Health Nursing; Postpartum; Woman; Asthma; Expectations; Experiences.
Description
Keywords
Asma Cuidado pré-natal Educação de doentes Enfermagem obstétrica Gravidez Promoção da saúde Puerpério Asthma Health promotion Obstetric nursing Patient education Postpartum period Pregnancy Prenatal care