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Authors
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: A literacia em saúde condiciona a capacidade da grávida em aceder,
compreender, avaliar e utilizar informações sobre saúde que lhe permita tomar decisões
fundamentadas sobre cuidados de saúde, prevenção da doença e promoção de uma vida
saudável para si e para os seus filhos.
Objetivos: Determinar o nível de literacia em saúde da grávida; apurar as relações existentes
entre os determinantes sociodemográficos, obstétricos, contextuais à gravidez e o
empoderamento com a literacia em saúde.
Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, não experimental, transversal, descritivo e correlacional.
Amostra não probabilística por conveniência composta por 264 grávidas no terceiro trimestre.
Recolha de dados realizada por questionário constituído por caraterização sociodemográfica,
dados obstétricos, escala HLS-EU-PT (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2014), adaptada para
grávidas por Ferreira et al. (2017) e Escala de Empoderamento da Grávida (Kameda &
Shimada, 2008), adaptada por Ferreira et al. (2013).
Resultados: As grávidas apresentam um nível de literacia em saúde suficiente (58,7%) sendo
secundado pelo problemático (21,6%) e, posteriormente, pelo nível excelente (15,5%) e
inadequado (4,2%). O índice geral é influenciado pela nacionalidade (p=0,007), habilitações
literárias (p=0,000), profissão (p=0,000), situação profissional (p=0,000), rendimento familiar
mensal (p=0,000), internet no domicílio (p=0,002), número de gravidezes anteriores (p=0,017),
tipo de parto (p=0,041), planeamento da gravidez (p=0,000), frequência ou intensão de
frequentar o curso de preparação para o parto e parentalidade (p=0,010), consumo de tabaco
(p=0,002), consumo de álcool (p=0,016) e pela vigilância da gravidez (p=0,000). A autoeficácia
(t=9,066; p=0,000), o apoio e garantias de outros (t=4,722; p=0,000) e o número de gravidezes
anteriores (t=-2,131; p=0,034) predizem a literacia em saúde.
Conclusões: A literacia em saúde materna é um indicador de saúde complexo, determinada por
múltiplos fatores e influída pelo contexto, cultura e ambiente em que a grávida se insere.
Concluímos que um quarto das grávidas possuem um nível de literacia
problemático/inadequado, inferindo que são necessários esforços para elaborar e implementar
medidas que a promovam. O EEESMO tem a competência de desenvolver intervenções
educacionais orientadas para a informação, capacitação e autonomia da grávida, favorecendo o
desenvolvimento dos seus conhecimentos e competências a respeito das decisões relativas à
gravidez e maternidade.
Palavras-chave: Assistência em saúde pré-natal, literacia em saúde, literacia em saúde materna.
Abstract Background: Health literacy conditions the pregnant woman’s capacity to access, understand, appraise and use health information to perform substantiated decisions about healthcare, disease prevention and promotion of a healthy life for herself and their children. Objectives: To determine the health literacy level of the pregnant woman; to investigate relations between sociodemographic, obstetric and pregnancy contextual determinants and the empowerment with health literacy. Methods: Quantitative study, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational. Non-probabilistic sample for convenience composed by 264 pregnant women in the third trimester. The collection of data was carried out by applying a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, obstetric data, HLS-EU-PT scale (National School of Public Health, 2014) adapted for pregnant women by Ferreira et al. (2017) and Pregnancy Empowerment Scale (Kameda & Shimada, 2008) adapted by Ferreira et al. (2013). Results: The pregnant women manifest a health literacy level as sufficient (58,7%), problematic (21,6%), excellent (15,5%) and inadequate (4,2%). Health literacy is influenced by nationality (p=0,007), educational level (p=0,000), profession (p=0,000), professional situation (p=0,000), family income (p=0,000), internet within the household (p=0,002), number of previous pregnancies (p=0,017), type of childbirth (p=0,041), pregnancy planning (p=0,000), frequency or intention of attending the preparation course for childbirth and parenting (p=0,000), tobacco consumption (p=0,041), alcohol consumption (p=0,016) and pregnancy surveillance (p=0,000). Self-efficacy (t=9,066; p=0,000), support and assurance from others (t=4,722; p=0,000) and number of previous pregnancies (t=-2,131; p=0,034) predict health literacy. Conclusions: Maternal health literacy is a complex health indicator, settled by multiple factors and influenced by context, culture and environment where the pregnant woman is. We conclude that one quarter of pregnant women have a problematic or an inadequate literacy level, inferring that efforts are needed to develop and implement wider information disclosure. Midwives have the competence to develop educational interventions oriented to the information, empowerment and autonomy of the pregnant woman, favouring the improvement of their knowledge and competence regarding pregnancy and motherhood decisions. Keywords: Prenatal care, health literacy, maternal health literacy.
Abstract Background: Health literacy conditions the pregnant woman’s capacity to access, understand, appraise and use health information to perform substantiated decisions about healthcare, disease prevention and promotion of a healthy life for herself and their children. Objectives: To determine the health literacy level of the pregnant woman; to investigate relations between sociodemographic, obstetric and pregnancy contextual determinants and the empowerment with health literacy. Methods: Quantitative study, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational. Non-probabilistic sample for convenience composed by 264 pregnant women in the third trimester. The collection of data was carried out by applying a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, obstetric data, HLS-EU-PT scale (National School of Public Health, 2014) adapted for pregnant women by Ferreira et al. (2017) and Pregnancy Empowerment Scale (Kameda & Shimada, 2008) adapted by Ferreira et al. (2013). Results: The pregnant women manifest a health literacy level as sufficient (58,7%), problematic (21,6%), excellent (15,5%) and inadequate (4,2%). Health literacy is influenced by nationality (p=0,007), educational level (p=0,000), profession (p=0,000), professional situation (p=0,000), family income (p=0,000), internet within the household (p=0,002), number of previous pregnancies (p=0,017), type of childbirth (p=0,041), pregnancy planning (p=0,000), frequency or intention of attending the preparation course for childbirth and parenting (p=0,000), tobacco consumption (p=0,041), alcohol consumption (p=0,016) and pregnancy surveillance (p=0,000). Self-efficacy (t=9,066; p=0,000), support and assurance from others (t=4,722; p=0,000) and number of previous pregnancies (t=-2,131; p=0,034) predict health literacy. Conclusions: Maternal health literacy is a complex health indicator, settled by multiple factors and influenced by context, culture and environment where the pregnant woman is. We conclude that one quarter of pregnant women have a problematic or an inadequate literacy level, inferring that efforts are needed to develop and implement wider information disclosure. Midwives have the competence to develop educational interventions oriented to the information, empowerment and autonomy of the pregnant woman, favouring the improvement of their knowledge and competence regarding pregnancy and motherhood decisions. Keywords: Prenatal care, health literacy, maternal health literacy.
Description
Keywords
Cuidado pré-natal Gravidez Literacia em saúde Saúde materna Health literacy Maternal health Pregnancy Prenatal care