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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objectivo do presente estudo foi compreender a relação entre os programas de
actividade física com idosos e a melhoria das capacidades retardadoras do risco de
queda, com especial relevância para o equilíbrio. Para alcançarmos este objectivo,
desenhou-se uma intervenção profissional centrada no estudo de 31 idosos dos 55
aos 78 anos na freguesia de Fragosela em Viseu, acompanhada de uma investigação
científica sobre o equilíbrio e o risco de quedas em idosos. Colocámos em prática o
programa de treino Fallproof (Rose, 2005) que tem como objectivo melhorar o
equilíbrio estático e dinâmico através de tarefas de equilíbrio na posição sentada
(numa fitball) e de pé com modificações da postura, equilíbrio na posição de pé com
os olhos abertos ou fechados (estar de pé sobre um apoio, caminhar colocando um pé
directamente à frente do outro, com os pés juntos), aumento da força nos membros
inferiores, transferências do peso corporal na posição sentada e de pé, aumento da
complexidade dos padrões de marcha com mudanças de direcção e voltas, exercícios
de coordenação entre o movimento da cabeça e do olhar, com redução da base de
sustentação (tais como o chão da sala, colchões Airex e colchonetes), de coordenação
entre membros inferiores e superiores (Rose, 2005). Na investigação científica
pretendemos compreender melhor a problemática do equilíbrio e do risco de queda,
assim como a sua relação com a actividade física intencionalmente orientada para o
seu treino. Assim sendo foi desenhado um estudo centrado na avaliação do equilíbrio
através da Bateria de Avaliação do Equilíbrio em idosos (Rose, 2005) e do teste
levantar, caminhar 2,44 metros e voltar a sentar (Rikli & Jones, 2008), tendo sido
encontradas diferenças significativas em ambos os testes, p=0,000 e p=0,004,
respectivamente. Relativamente às variáveis idade e anos de prática de actividade
física, não foram encontrados resultados significativos relativamente ao equilíbrio nos
idosos. Já na variável género, foram encontradas diferenças significativas no equilíbrio
em função do género no momento do pré-teste que desapareceram no momento pósteste,
concluindo que o programa pode ter esbatido as diferenças entre género
normalmente encontradas na literatura científica. Na generalidade, concluímos que um
programa de exercitação de sete semanas com exercícios específicos de equilíbrio
acompanhado de exercícios de força, resistência e flexibilidade, aumentam o equilíbrio
e diminuem o risco de queda em idosos de 55 a 78 anos.
ABSTRACT The main objective of the present study was to understand the relationship between physical activity programs with elderly and improving capabilities to delay the risk of falls, with special relevance for the balance. To archive this objective, professional intervention focused on the study of 31 elderly aged 55 to 78 years in local community of Viseu city (Fragosela), accompanied by a scientific research about balance and risk of falls in older adults. We put into practice the training program Fallproof (Rose, 2005) that aims to improve the static and dynamic balance using balance tasks in the stand up and sit down position using different posture changes, balance in the stand up position with eyes open and closed, increase of strength in the lower limbs, transference of the body weight in the stand up and sit down position, increase on the patterns complexity of running with directions and turn changes, exercises of coordination between the head and eye movement, with the reduction of the support base, the coordination of the lower and upper limbs (Rose 2005). In the scientific research the aim was to understand the problematic of balance and risk of falls in older adults in relation with intentional physical activity oriented to training balance improvement. A study design was made to evaluate the balance through the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (Rose, 2005) and Stand up test, walk for 2, 44 metres and sit down again (Rikli & Jones, 2008) where there were significant improvements in both tests. Concerning the study of age and the past years of physical activity practice variable, there was no significant results influencing elderly balance. In relation to the gender variable we found significant balance differences at the pre-test moment (before the program application) that disappeared on posttest moment, and this made us conclude that the program of physical activity made disappear the gender difference in risk of fall usually found on women. The general conclusion of our study is that am intentional program of seven weeks of practice with specific exercises for balance and exercises of strength, endurance and flexibility, increase balance and decrease the risk of falls among older adults of 55 to 78 years old.
ABSTRACT The main objective of the present study was to understand the relationship between physical activity programs with elderly and improving capabilities to delay the risk of falls, with special relevance for the balance. To archive this objective, professional intervention focused on the study of 31 elderly aged 55 to 78 years in local community of Viseu city (Fragosela), accompanied by a scientific research about balance and risk of falls in older adults. We put into practice the training program Fallproof (Rose, 2005) that aims to improve the static and dynamic balance using balance tasks in the stand up and sit down position using different posture changes, balance in the stand up position with eyes open and closed, increase of strength in the lower limbs, transference of the body weight in the stand up and sit down position, increase on the patterns complexity of running with directions and turn changes, exercises of coordination between the head and eye movement, with the reduction of the support base, the coordination of the lower and upper limbs (Rose 2005). In the scientific research the aim was to understand the problematic of balance and risk of falls in older adults in relation with intentional physical activity oriented to training balance improvement. A study design was made to evaluate the balance through the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (Rose, 2005) and Stand up test, walk for 2, 44 metres and sit down again (Rikli & Jones, 2008) where there were significant improvements in both tests. Concerning the study of age and the past years of physical activity practice variable, there was no significant results influencing elderly balance. In relation to the gender variable we found significant balance differences at the pre-test moment (before the program application) that disappeared on posttest moment, and this made us conclude that the program of physical activity made disappear the gender difference in risk of fall usually found on women. The general conclusion of our study is that am intentional program of seven weeks of practice with specific exercises for balance and exercises of strength, endurance and flexibility, increase balance and decrease the risk of falls among older adults of 55 to 78 years old.
Description
Keywords
Idosos Actividade física Equilíbrio Risco de quedas Elderly Risk of Falls Balance Physical Activity